急倾斜薄矿脉崩落法开采矿岩散体流动规律研究  

Granular flow law of broken ore and rock of sublevel caving method in steeply dipping narrow veins

作　　者：安龙[1] 李元辉[1] 徐帅[1] AN Long;LI Yuanhui;XU Shuai(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北大学深部金属矿山安全开采教育部重点实验室

出　　处：《中国矿业》2019年第12期104-109,共6页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目资助(编号：2018YFC0604601);国家自然科学基金项目资助(编号：51604060);中央高校基本科研业务专项资助(编号：N180115010)

摘　　要：针对急倾斜薄矿脉破碎矿体的开采技术条件,采用无底柱分段崩落法开采工艺,利用崩落矿岩散体充填采空区,可有效减缓上下盘围岩的垮落,保证作业人员安全,但覆岩下放矿又带来了矿石损失和贫化的新问题。为此,本文采用室内相似物理模型试验,开展倾斜边壁窄小空间条件下的矿岩散体流动规律研究。试验结果表明:受倾斜边壁影响,放矿过程中矿岩散体的流轴迅速向矿体上盘边壁靠近,放出体发生变异,随着累计放出矿量的增加,放出体呈“侵入状”沿上盘倾斜边壁发展,得到了放出体宽度和放出体高度与累计放出矿量的关系。依据放出体的形态特征,将倾斜边壁窄小空间条件下放矿过程中的散体移动区域划分为放矿口控制区、过渡区和倾斜边壁控制区三个典型区域,由试验得到放矿口控制区范围为Z<10 cm,过渡区范围为10 cm≤Z<32 cm,倾斜边壁控制区范围为Z≥32 cm,且无底柱分段崩落法的分段高度不易超过过渡区范围。Aiming at the steeply dipping narrow and broken veins,the sublevel caving mining method can effectively reduce the collapsing of surrounding rock and ensure the safety of workers,which use the caving rocks to fill the mining gap.However,the extraction of ore under broken rock has brought a new problem of ore loss and dilution.This paper uses the similar physical model test to analyze the law of the granular under the inclined side wall with narrow space.The test results show that the axis of the isolated extraction zone is deflected by the inclined side wall,and the shape is varied.With the increase of the accumulated extraction ore,the shape of isolated extraction zone is“invasive”and develops along the inclined side wall.We also acquire the relationship between the width and height of the isolated extraction zone with the cumulative amount of extraction ore.According to the morphological characteristics of the isolated extraction zone,the broken rock moving area in the process of extraction under the narrow space of the inclined side wall is divided into three zones of the extraction draw point control zone(with Z<10 cm),the transition zone(with 10 cm≤Z<32 cm),and the inclined side wall control zone(with Z≥32 cm).According the results,the sublevel height of sublevel caving method is not good to exceed the transition zone.

关 键 词：急倾斜薄矿脉 相似物理模型试验 放出体 无底柱分段崩落法 放矿控制 

分 类 号：TD851[矿业工程—金属矿开采]