耕作措施对陇中麦豆轮作系统土壤真菌群落的影响  

Effects of tillage on wheat-pea rotation system soil fungal community in the dryland farming area of central Gansu

作　　者：沈吉成 李玲玲[1] 谢军红[1] 彭正凯[1] Eunice Essel 邓超超 王进斌 颉健辉 SHEN Ji-cheng;LI Ling-ling;XIE Jun-hong;PENG Zheng-kai;Eunice Essel;DENG Chao-chao;WANG Jin-bin;XIE Jian-hui(Gansu Provincial Laboratory of Arid land Crop Sciences/Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室/甘肃农业大学农学院

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第6期94-98,153,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31460337,31660373和31761143004);甘肃省教育厅项目(2017C-12);十二五国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B03和2015BAD22B04-3)

摘　　要：为探究耕作措施对陇中旱农区麦豆轮作系统土壤真菌多样性的影响,依托2001年布设在陇中旱农区的田间定位试验,应用高通量测序技术比较传统耕作(T)与3种保护性耕作[免耕(NT)、传统耕作+秸秆还田(TS)和免耕+秸秆覆盖(NTS)]对麦豆轮作体系真菌群落结构的影响。结果表明:1)子囊菌门(52.74%)、担子菌门(14.10%)为陇中旱农区麦豆轮作系统土壤真菌的主要优势种群,免耕秸秆覆盖处理下担子菌门丰度较传统耕作增加15.01%,免耕处理子囊菌门、担子菌门丰度较传统耕作分别提高3.67%、1.86%。2)保护性耕作措施能不同程度提高0~30 cm土层土壤真菌丰富度与多样性指数,其中以免耕秸秆覆盖效果最明显,但各处理间差异不显著;较传统耕作,0~30 cm土层土壤真菌特有OTU数量NT>NTS>TS>T,同时较传统耕作,免耕秸秆覆盖处理土壤真菌OTU数量提高8.07%,免耕处理提高12.41%。因此,在陇中旱农区推广以免耕秸秆覆盖为主的保护性耕作措施有利于提高土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性。The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of tillage on soil fungal diversity in a long-term tillage wheat-pea rotation system. The long-term tillage field experiment was established in central Gansu in 2001. The experiment was designed with four treatments: T(conventional tillage),NT(no-tillage),TS(conventional tillage with straw returned),and NTS(no-tillage with straw mulched).The main findings were summarized as follow:1)Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the main dominant groups of fungi accounting for 52.74% and 14.10%,respectively,of the total population of the soil fungal community. Treatment no-tillage with straw mulched increased the abundance of Basidiomycota by 15.01%,no-tillage increased the abundance of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota by 3.67% and 1.86%,respectively. 2)Conservation tillage improved fungal abundance index and diversity index in 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer to varying degrees,no-tillage straw mulching had the most obvious effect,but the effect was not significant among the treatments.Compared with conventional tillage,the endemic fungal OTU numbers under different treatments were NT>NTS>TS>T in the 0 ~ 30 cm soil layer.Treatment no-tillage with straw mulched,no-tillage increased the fungal OTU numbers by 8.07%,12.41%,respectively.Therefore,conservation tillage practices such as no-tillage with straw mulching could improve the abundance and diversity of the soil fungal community in dry farming areas of central Gansu.

关 键 词：土壤真菌群落 耕作措施 秸秆还田 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]