微喷水肥一体化氮肥后移对夏玉米氮素吸收及籽粒产量品质的影响  

Effects of integrated micro-water spraying fertilizer on nitrogen uptake and grain yield and quality of summer maize

作　　者：刘彩彩 张孟妮 武雪萍[2] 裴雪霞[3] 党建友[3] 张永清 奚雅静 王碧胜 宋霄君 李生平[2] 郑凤君 董悦 LIU Cai-cai;ZHANG Meng-ni;WU Xue-ping;PEI Xue-xia;DANG Jian-you;ZHANG Yong-qing;XI Ya-jing;WANG Bi-sheng;SONG Xiao-jun;LI Sheng-ping;ZHENG Feng-jun;DONG Yue(College of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen Shanxi 041000;Institute of Agricultural Resource and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081;Wheat Research Institute,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linfen Shanxi 041000;College of Resource Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Bejing 100048)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西临汾041000 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]山西省农业科学院小麦研究所,山西临汾041000 [4]首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京100048

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第6期108-113,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03);中国农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(1610132018024)

摘　　要：为了探明晋南地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区适宜的节水减氮管理模式,采用田间试验,研究分析了5个水氮组合模式对夏玉米氮素积累特征、籽粒产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,与大水漫灌、传统撒施肥料(CK)相比,微喷水肥一体化处理的夏玉米籽粒产量提高12.05%~45.4%,其中以微喷灌4次(出苗水+小喇叭口水+大喇叭口水+抽雄水),施纯氮227.5 kg/hm^2,氮肥后移、追氮2次处理(WN3)的籽粒产量和蛋白质含量最高,籽粒氮素积累量、总氮素积累量分别较施纯氮227.5 kg/hm^2,追氮1次处理(WN2)提高6.8%、14.26%,且与微喷灌、施纯氮300 kg/hm^2(WN1)和WN2相比,WN3处理的氮肥利用率分别提高41.81%、23.14%,氮肥农学利用效率分别提高47.45%、49.01%。综上所述,晋南冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟区,采用微喷水肥一体化可替代漫灌实现节水减氮高产栽培,推荐微喷灌溉4次、氮肥后移处理(基肥45.5 kg/hm^2+小喇叭口期追肥136.5 kg/hm^2+抽雄期追肥45.5 kg/hm^2)作为晋南地区夏玉米灌水施氮适宜的运筹方式,该模式相比CK减少灌水量50%、减施氮肥24.16%,提高氮肥利用效率的效果最好,实现了节水减氮的效果。In order to explore the water-saving and nitrogen-reducing management model in annual double-ripe crop(winter wheat/summer maize)area,field experiment was conducted to analyze the effects of five water-nitrogen combination models on nitrogen accumulation characteristics,grain yield,quality and nitrogen use efficiency of summer maize.The results showed,compared to CK(traditional fertilizer,flood irrigation),the integrated treatment of micro-spraying water and fertilizer increased the yield of summer maize by 12.05% ~ 45.4%.Among them,WN3[with micro irrigation four times:at emergence period+small bell stage+ male tetrad + tassel period,and by total N 227.5 kg/hm^2,topdressing nitrogen(2 times)]got the highest grain yield and protein content.Compared with treatment WN2[by total N 227.5 kg/hm^2,topdressing nitrogen(1 times)],the treatment(WN3)increased nitrogen content and total nitrogen accumulation by 6.8% and 14.26%,respectively,in addition,compared with treatment WN1[by total N 300 kg/hm^2,topdressing nitrogen(1 times)]and WN2,the nitrogen utilization and agronomic efficiency of WN3 were improved by 41.81%、23.14% and 47.45%、49.01%,respectively.In summary,in annual double-ripe crop(winter wheat/summer maize)area in southern Shanxi province,micro-spraying water and fertilizer integration can replace flood irrigation,and achieve watersaving,nitrogen-reducing and high-yield cultivation.And the model of WN3(base fertilizer 45.5 kg/hm^2+small bell stage topdressing 136.5 kg/hm^2+male tetrad topdressing 45.5 kg/hm^2)should be a suitable operation model for irrigation and nitrogen application of summer maize,which reduced the irrigation amount by 50%,reduced the nitrogen fertilizer by 24.16%,improved the nitrogen use efficiency,and achieved water-saving,nitrogen-reducing.

关 键 词：微喷水肥一体化 氮肥利用率 夏玉米 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]