氮肥运筹对旱作覆膜玉米产量及固碳减排效应研究  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on yield,carbon sequestration and emission reduction of dryland mulched maize

作　　者：颉健辉 李玲玲[1] 谢军红[1] 彭正凯[1] 邓超超 沈吉成 王进斌 Eunice Essel XIE Jian-hui;LI Ling-ling;XIE Jun-hong;PENG Zheng-kai;DENG Chao-chao;SHEN Ji-cheng;WANG Jin-bin;Eunice Essel(Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science,Agronomy Faculty of Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou Gansu 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室甘肃农业大学农学院

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第6期134-141,共8页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(31460337,31660373,31761143004);甘肃省教育厅项目(2017C-12);十二五国家科技支撑计划项目(2012 BAD14B03,2015 BAD22B04-3)

摘　　要：在黄土高原雨养农业区,依托布设于2012年的定位试验研究氮肥运筹对全膜双垄沟播玉米固碳效应和NH3挥发的影响。采用裂区设计,主处理施氮水平:不施氮对照(N0)、低施氮100 kg·hm^-2(N1)、中施氮200kg·hm^-2(N2)和高施氮300 kg·hm^-2(N3);副处理为施肥时期及比例:设基肥∶拔节肥=1∶2(T1)和基肥∶拔节肥∶大喇叭口肥=1∶1∶1(T2)。结果表明:将200 kg·hm^-2氮肥以基肥∶拔节肥=1∶2的比例施用能显著提高全膜双垄沟播玉米的籽粒产量和生物产量,分别较对照增加197%和131%,氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学效率较高施氮水平分别降低48%和47%。氨挥发排放主要集中在追肥后的一周,穴施追肥后,NH3挥发速率迅速升高,1~4 d内达到峰值,随后逐渐降低至对照水平,且施氮水平越高排放峰值越大。高、中、低施氮水平的NH3挥发量较不施氮对照分别增加6.5、5.9、5.4倍;T1处理较T2处理显著降低了37%;N3T2的NH3挥发量最多,较其他处理显著增多了13%~47%。NH3挥发损失率变幅在13%~60%,随施氮水平增加而降低,高、中施氮水平较低施氮水平降低了59.6%和44.6%;与T2相比,T1处理NH3挥发损失率显著降低了40.4%,增加施氮水平和追肥次数潜在增加NH3挥发损失。综上所述,在黄土高原雨养农业区种植全膜双垄沟播玉米时,能提高玉米籽粒产量和土壤固碳减排能力的适宜施肥制度为:施纯氮200 kg·hm^-2,全部氮肥按基肥∶拔节肥=1∶2的比例施用。The effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on carbon sequestration and ammonia volatilization of maize under full film covered with double ridge sowing were studied based on the long-term test set up in 2012 at the loess plateau rainfed farming area. The experiment adopted the split plot design.The main treatments in the study included different nitrogen rates:no fertilization as control(N0),low nitrogen level at 100 kg·hm^-2(N1),medium nitrogen level at 200 kg·hm^-2(N2),and high nitrogen level at 300 kg·hm^-2(N3).The subplot treatments were about the period and proportion of fertilization with base fertilizer:jointing fertilizer=1∶2(T1)and base fertilizer:jointing fertilizer:belling fertilizer=1∶1∶1(T2).The results showed that:The application of 200 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilizer with the ratio of basal fertilizer:jointing fertilizer =1∶2 significantly improved the grain yield and biomass of maize,which increased by 197% and 131% compared with the control,respectively.NPFP and NAE were 48% and 47% lower than those with high nitrogen level.Ammonia volatilization emissions were mainly concentrated in the first week after the application of fertilizer.NH3 volatilization rate increased rapidly after fertilizer applyed in holes,and reached the highest within 1 ~ 4 days,then gradually decreased,and finally tended to be same level with the control.Moreover,the higher the nitrogen level was,the higher the emission peak was.The volatile quantity of NH3 at high,medium and low nitrogen application levels increased by 6.5,5.9 and 5.4 times compared with the control group without nitrogen application,T1 treatment significantly decreased by 37% compared with T2 treatment.N3 T2 had the highest volatilization of NH3,which was significantly increased by 13% ~ 47% compared with other treatments.The volatilization loss rate of NH3 rangeed from 13% to 60%,which gradually decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level.The nitrogen application levels of high and medium nitrogen were 59.6% and 44.6% lower than

关 键 词：全膜双垄沟播 玉米 氮肥运筹 籽粒产量 固碳减排 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]