“大配方、小调整”施肥模式对不同地力小麦产量及经济效益的影响  

Effect of“Regional Fertilizer Formula and Site Specific Adjustment”fertilization mode on yield and economic benefit of wheat under soils with different fertilities

作　　者：付文 黄玉芳[1] 岳松华 刘小宁[1] 叶优良[1] 石秀良 汪洋 FU Wen;HUANG Yu-fang;YUE Song-hua;LIU Xiao-ning;YE You-liang;SHI Xiu-liang;WANG Yang(College of Resources and Environment,Henan Agricultural University,Zhengzhou Henan 450002;Qixian County Agriculture Bureau,Qixian Henan 475200)

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学资源与环境学院,河南郑州450002 [2]杞县农业局,河南杞县475200

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2019年第6期235-240,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：作物氮素需求与土壤、肥料供氮时空匹配规律(2017YF D0200100)

摘　　要：为验证"大配方、小调整"施肥模式在河南省的应用效果,于2017~2018年在河南省扶沟县选择8个典型地块,分为高、中、低3种基础地力类型。结果表明,相比不施肥处理,农民习惯处理平均增产30.0%,但高的施肥成本,使高肥力水平下的经济效益反而低于不施肥处理。与农户习惯施肥相比,配方肥处理减少了氮素投入同时提高了磷、钾用量,不同基础地力水平下,配方肥处理与农户习惯处理在产量上没有显著性差异;但低的施肥投入使经济效益提升了16.6%。依据土壤速效磷、钾含量的差异,在大配方的基础上对肥料配方进行小调整,小调整处理的经济效益随基础肥力的上升不断增加,较农户习惯处理增收31.3%。不同基础地力水平下,肥料贡献率、肥料农学利用率始终表现为农户习惯<大配方<小调整。由此可知,"大配方、小调整"可推动区域施肥技术的进步,促进肥料产品的优化,帮助农民节本增收。In order to verify the effect of the"Regional Fertilizer Formula and Site Specific Adjustment"fertilization model in Henan Province,eight typical plots were used in Fugou County,Henan Province in 2017~2018,these plots were divided into three types of basic soil fertilities:high,medium and low.The results showed that compared with no fertilizer treatment,farmers’practice fertilization increased yield by 30.0%averagely,but the increase in fertilization cost in farmers’practice treatment decreased its economic benefits compared with no fertilization treatment under soil with high basic fertility level.Compared with farmers’practice fertilization,formula fertilizer treatment reduced nitrogen input and increased phosphorus and potassium dosage.Under soil with different fertility levels,there was no siginificant difference in yield between formula fertilizer treatment and farmers’practice treatment,but the low input increased economic efficiency by 16.6%.According to the difference in soil available phosphorus and potassium content,on the basis of the large formula,the fertilizer formula was adjusted slightly,and the economic benefit of small adjustment treatment increased with the increase in basic soil fertility,which was 31.3%higher than that of farmers.Under different soil fertility levels,the fertilizer contribution rate and fertilizer agronomic efficiency differed as the farmers practice fertilization<large formula<small adjustment.As a conclusion,“large formula,small adjustment”can improve the regional fertilization technology,promote the optimization of fertilizer products,and increase farmers increase their income.

关 键 词：小麦 配方施肥 肥料利用率 经济效益 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]