根际盐分差异性分布对高粱幼苗生长发育的影响  

Effects of Heterogeneous Salinity Across Rhizosphere on the Growth of Sorghum Seedlings

作　　者：张华文[1,3] 王润丰 徐梦平 刘宾 陈二影[1,3] 黄瑞冬 周宇飞[2] 王海莲 ZHANG HuaWen;WANG RunFeng;XU MengPing;LIU Bin;CHEN ErYing;HUANG RuiDong;ZHOU YuFei;WANG HaiLian(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100;Agronomy College,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866;Featured Crops Engineering Laboratory of Shandong Province,Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所,济南250100 [2]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [3]山东省特色作物工程实验室,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2019年第22期4110-4118,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-06-13.5-B23);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2018D02);山东省重点研发计划(2019GNC106059)

摘　　要：【目的】盐碱地盐分含量在土壤表层的分布通常是不均匀的,研究不均匀盐胁迫条件下高粱幼苗生长发育和生理生化指标的变化,可为盐碱地高粱栽培和盐碱地高效开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】利用分根法将高粱根系均匀分成2部分,并分别置于不同浓度(mmol·L-1)NaCl中,设置对照为无盐胁迫(记作0/0,下同)、不均匀盐处理(0/200、50/150)和均匀盐处理(100/100),在人工气候室培养14 d后取样,测量生物量、叶面积、SPAD值、根系形态、渗透调节物质、抗氧化酶活性和光合参数等性状,研究分根盐胁迫条件下高粱生长发育的变化规律。【结果】不均匀盐胁迫和均匀盐胁迫均严重影响了高粱幼苗的生长发育,显著降低了高粱幼苗鲜重、干重和叶面积,对叶片的光合能力、抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质均有一定程度的影响。然而,不均匀盐处理50/150和0/200的单株干重比均匀盐处理提高了21.19%和62.71%,单株鲜重提高了35.39%和86.44%,叶面积提高了13.22%和88.66%;50/150处理低盐一侧根系鲜重和干重分别是高盐一侧的1.90倍和2.10倍,0/200处理无盐一侧根系鲜重和干重分别是盐胁迫一侧的3.02倍和3.75倍。同样,不均匀盐处理对局部根系形态影响显著,低盐或无盐一侧根系生长明显增加,50/150和0/200处理低盐一侧的根系长度、根系体积、根尖数和分支数显著高于高盐或有盐胁迫一侧根系,进而不均匀盐胁迫条件下整个根系的根系长度、根系体积、根尖数和分支数都高于均匀盐胁迫处理,其中0/200处理的各项指标与均匀盐处理差异均达到显著性水平(P<0.05)。叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性在不均匀盐胁迫条件下显著升高(P<0.05);不均匀盐处理的叶片渗透调节性物质脯氨酸(PRO)和可溶性糖(SS)含量显著高于均匀盐处理,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著下降(P<0.05)。不均匀盐处理�【Objective】Salt content is usually unevenly distributed in saline-alkali lands. Studies on growth and development,and the changes of physiological and biochemical indexes of sorghum seedlings under non-uniform salt stress could provide atheoretical basis for the cultivation of sorghum in saline-alkali land and the efficient exploitation and utilization of saline-alkali lands.【Method】Roots of sorghum were divided into two equal portions by a root-split method and put in uniform and non-uniform NaClconcentration solution, respectively. There were four treatments. No sodium chloride (denoted as 0/0) was the control, 0 and 200mmol·L-1(denoted as 0/200), 50 mmol·L-1 and 150 mmol·L-1(denoted as 50/150) were non-uniform salinity treatments, and 100mmol·L-1/100 mmol·L-1 (denoted as 100/100) were uniform salinity treatment. Healthy sorghum seedlings after growing for 14 daysin a growth chamber were sampled for the determination of biomass, leaf area, SPAD, root morphology, osmotic regulators content,anti-oxidative enzyme activity, and photosynthetic parameters. 【Result】 Growth of sorghum both in uniform and non-uniform saltstress conditions was severely inhibited, and significant decrease of fresh weight, biomass, leaf area, root morphology, photosyntheticcapacity, anti-oxidative enzyme activity and osmotic substance content accumulation was found. Dry weight per plant was increasedby 21.19% and 62.71%, fresh weights of seedlings was increased by 35.39% and 86.44%, and leaf area was increased by 13.22% and88.66%, respectively under 50/150 and 0/200 compared with those under 100/100. Under 50/150 treatment, fresh and dry weights ofroots in the 50 mmol·L-1 side were 1.90 and 2.10 times of the 150 mmol·L-1 side. Under 0/200 treatment, fresh and dry weights ofroots in 0 mmol·L-1 side were increased by 3.02 and 3.75 times compared with the 200 mmol·L-1 side. Likewise, local rootmorphology was affected significantly in non-uniform salt treatment. Root length, root volume, root tip number, and root branchnum

关 键 词：高粱 分根 不均匀盐处理 光合参数 荧光参数 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]