基于种植业面源污染控制的星云湖流域种植业结构优化  

Optimization of Planting Structure in Xingyun Lake Basin Based on Planting Non-Point Source Pollution Control

作　　者：郑田甜 赵筱青[1] 顾泽贤 普军伟 卢飞飞 苗培培 ZHENG Tian-tian;ZHAO Xiao-qing;GU Ze-xian;PU Jun-wei;LU Fei-fei;MIAO Pei-pei(College of Resource Environment and Earth Science,Yunnan University,Kunming 650500,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学资源环境与地球科学学院

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2019年第12期1550-1556,共7页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：玉溪地区三大湖泊(抚仙湖、星云湖、杞麓湖)遥感监测项目(玮元-A2016191);云南大学第八届研究生科研创新项目(ynuy2016113);云南大学一流学科地理学学科建设项目(C176210103,C176210215);云南喀斯特山区水土资源-生态耦合协调及国土空间优化调控项目[2018FY001(-017)]

摘　　要：以星云湖流域为研究对象,种植业化肥流失量最低为目标函数,种植面积、粮食需求、经济状况等为约束构建线性规划模型,得到2020年星云湖流域种植结构的优化结果:(1)2005—2015年种植面积最大的是经济作物(11069.93 hm ^2),最小的是果树(909.40 hm^ 2),缓坡地的种植面积远远大于陡坡地。总体上水稻、旱粮的种植面积逐渐减少,经济作物逐渐增加,果树先增加后稳定。(2)优化后预测2020年星云湖流域水稻的种植面积为3471.56 hm^ 2,旱粮为2571.53 hm ^2,经济作物为7966.92 hm ^2,果树为2149 hm ^2。相对于2015年,2020年水稻面积增长1276.49 hm ^2,旱粮增长1051.84 hm ^2,果树增加1239.6 hm ^2,经济作物减少3103.01 hm ^2。(3)预测2020年优化后的种植结构下化肥流失量总计663.79 t,2015年为890.55 t,减少25.47%。在各种污染物中总氮减少最多,其次为总磷和氨氮,硝态氮和可溶性磷的流失量有所增加。Taking the minimum loss amount of chemical fertilizer as the objective function,and using the planting area,grain demand,economic situation and other aspects as the constraint conditions,the linear programming model was built to get the optimization results of planting structure of Xingyun Lake Basin in 2020 are as follows:(1)The economic crop′s largest planting area about 11069.93 hm 2,and the fruit tree had the smallest area about 909.40 hm 2 in 2005-2015.The planting area of gentle slope was much larger than that of steep slope.On the whole,the planting area of rice and dry crop decreased gradually in 2005-2015;the planting area of the economic crop increased gradually;and the planting area of the fruit tree showed a trend that increased at first and then stabilized.(2)After the optimization of the planting structure,the planting area of rice,dry crop,economic crop and fruit tree in Xingyun Lake Basin will be 3471.56,2571.53,7966.92 and 2149 hm 2,respectively,in 2020.Comparing the situations in 2015,the planting area of rice,dry crop and fruit tree will increase by 1276.49,1051.84 and 1239.6 hm 2,respectively,and the planting area of economic crop will decrease by 3103.01 hm 2.(3)In 2020,the loss amount of chemical fertilizer after the optimization of planting structure will be 633.79 t,which is 25.47%lower than that in 2015(890.55 t)in Xingyun Lake Basin.In all kinds of pollutants,the loss amount of total nitrogen decreases most and those of total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen also decrease,while those of nitrate nitrogen and dissoluble phosphorus increase somewhat.

关 键 词：面源污染 种植业结构 线性规划模型 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]