生物技术处理船舶舱底含油污水  

Treatment of Oily Sewage from Ship Bottom by Biotechnology

作　　者：石建强 张少君 王明雨 SHI Jianqiang;ZHANG Shaojun;WANG Mingyu(School of Ship and Engine Engineering,Shandong Jiaotong University,Weihai 264310,China)

机构地区：[1]山东交通学院船舶与轮机工程学院

出　　处：《山东交通学院学报》2019年第4期67-77,共11页Journal of Shandong Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51609131);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017MEE031);山东省重点研发项目(2019GHY112018);山东交通学院博士科研启动基金资助项目

摘　　要：采用生物降解技术处理船舶舱底含油污水中的石油烃污染物,从含油污水中分离得到5株高效石油烃降解菌S1~S5,选择优势菌株构建复合菌群,其中最佳菌群S15的7 d降解率高达83.12%。16S rDNA鉴定结果显示,菌株S1为Bacillus toyonensis、S5为Bacillus albus,S1与S5均为可分泌天然脂肽的芽孢杆菌,脂肽对石油烃有乳化、增溶作用。S15优化后的最佳培养温度为35℃、盐的质量浓度为2 g·L-1以内,最佳pH值为7.5。经高效液相色谱(high performance liquid chromatograph,HPLC)分析,S15可产生脂肽类生物表面活性剂,细胞表面疏水性较高,超过50%,对正辛烷、正己烷、十六烷和二甲苯等典型烃类物质具有较强的乳化能力,乳化指数(E24)超过80%。采用气相色谱用氢离子火焰检测器(gas chromatography-flame ionization detector,GC-FID)分析S15的烃降解特征,结果表明:S15对柴油中烷烃C7~C28的降解率均超过80%,对短链烷烃的降解率更高一些。S15对石油污染环境有较强的修复能力。The biodegradation technology is used to treat the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants in oily sewage from the ship bottom.Five strains of high-efficiency petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria,named S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,are isolated from the oily sewage.Among the degrading bacterial consortium,S15 has the best degrading effect,with a degradation rate of 83.12%in 7 days.The strain S1 is Bacillus toyonensis,and S5 is Bacillus albus after 16 S rDNA identification.The optimum incubation temperature,salinity and pH of bacterial consortium S15 are 35℃,2 g·L-1 and 7.5,respectively.High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)analysis shows that the consortium can produce lipopeptide biosurfactants,strong cell hydrophobicity.The cell surface hydrophobicity(CSH)value reaches more than 50%.It has strong emulsifying ability for typical hydrocarbons such as n-octane,n-hexane,hexadecane and xylene,which E24 is higher than 80%.The hydrocarbon degradation characteristics of bacterial consortium S15 are analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector(GC-FID).The results show that the degradation rate of S15 to the diesel alkanes C7 to C28 is more than 80%,and the degradation rate of slats in short-chain alkanes is higher.S15 has a strong ability to repair oil-contaminated environments.

关 键 词：含油污水 生物技术 复合菌群 降解率 表面张力 细胞疏水性 HPLC 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]