同型半胱氨酸与阿尔兹海默症相关研究进展  

Advances in research on homocysteine and Alzheimer′s disease

作　　者：黄光成 胡欣 唐玉青 谭靖宇 周峰 冯楠楠[1] HUANG Guangcheng;HU Xin;TANG Yuqing;TAN Jingyu;ZHOU Feng;FENG Nannan(School of Public Health,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai 200025,China;Dapuqiao Street Community Health Service Center,Huangpu District,Shanghai 200023,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院公共卫生学院,上海200025 [2]上海市黄浦区打浦桥街道社区卫生服务中心

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2019年第6期85-89,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81602929);上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科学基金青年项目(20154Y0197);上海交通大学“新进青年教师启动计划”项目(17X100040016);第十二期上海交通大学医学院“大学生创新训练计划”(1218037)

摘　　要：阿尔兹海默症(Alzheimer’s Disease, AD)是一种慢性神经退行性疾病,以记忆损失和认知障碍为主要临床特征,其病理特点主要有β-淀粉样蛋白蓄积成的老年斑,以及高磷酸化Tau蛋白蓄积形成的神经纤维缠结。大量人群流行病学研究显示B族维生素缺乏以及同型半胱氨酸升高与AD相关。高浓度的同型半胱氨酸是心脑血管疾病的独立危险因素,AD常常有脑内血管疾病并发症,提示同型半胱氨酸可能与认知功能障碍相关。近年来,关于同型半胱氨酸升高导致AD的机制研究一直有新的发展,包括氧化应激假说、炎症假说和DNA损伤假说等,最终促使β-淀粉样蛋白沉积以及Tau蛋白的异常磷酸化,导致阿尔兹海默症的发生。但同型半胱氨酸升高导致AD的具体机制尚不清楚。Alzheimer′s disease(AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with memory loss and cognitive impairment as its main clinical features. Its pathological features include plaques formed by accumulated β-amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles due to the accumulation of highly phosphorylated Tau protein. A large number of population epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin B deficiency and elevated homocysteine are associated with Alzheimer′s disease. High concentrations of homocysteine are recognized as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. AD often has complications of intracerebral vascular disease, suggesting that homocysteine may be related to cognitive dysfunction. In recent years, there have been advances in the understanding of the involvement of elevated homocysteine in mechanism of AD. Several hypotheses have been proposed including oxidative stress hypothesis, inflammatory hypothesis, and DNA damage hypothesis, which eventually promote β-amyloid deposition and abnormal phosphorylation of Tau protein, leading to the pathological development of Alzheimer′s disease. However, the specific mechanism of elevated homocysteine leading to AD remains unclear.

关 键 词：阿尔兹海默症 同型半胱氨酸 流行病学 机制研究 

分 类 号：R741.02[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]