私营企业接尘工人X射线胸片和肺功能健康状况分析  

Analysis of chest X-ray radiography and lung function of dust exposed workers in private enterprises

作　　者：艾进颖[1] 封小东 柳建强[1] 王玉君[1] AI Jinying;FENG Xiaodong;LIU Jianqiang;WANG Yujun(Tangshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tangshan,Hebei 063000,China;Lubei District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Tangshan,Hebei 063000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省唐山市疾病预防控制中心,河北唐山063000 [2]河北省唐山市路北区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《公共卫生与预防医学》2019年第6期110-114,共5页Journal of Public Health and Preventive Medicine

基　　金：河北省卫生计生委2018年度医学科学研究重点课题计划(20181380)

摘　　要：目的分析唐山市私营企业接尘工人X射线胸片和肺功能健康状况及尘肺样改变影响因素。方法对2017年唐山市私有企业8 222名接尘工人X线胸片和肺功能检查资料进行描述性分析。结果 X线胸片尘肺样改变检出率为0.26%,男性、年龄≥50岁、采矿业、中型企业检出率高于其他组,随年龄、接尘工龄增加,尘肺样改变检出率有升高趋势(P<0.05);采矿业、小型企业肺功能FVC%、FEV1%、FEV1/FVC%均值低于制造业、大型企业,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);通气功能降低以限制性通气功能障碍为主,采矿业、小型企业、煤尘限制性通气功能障碍检出率高于其他组(P<0.05);该研究因素中,年龄≥50岁、接尘工龄>10年、采矿业相对于参照组可增加粉尘作业工人尘肺样改变发病风险,差异有统计学意义(OR值均>1,P<0.05)。结论唐山市采矿业、中小型私营企业接尘工人肺和通气功能健康损害更明显,应结合危险因素特征,加强对重点人群和重点行业监管,降低尘肺样改变检出率。Objective To analyze the chest X-ray radiography and the status of lung function and the influencing factors of pneumoconioid changes in dust exposed workers in private enterprises in Tangshan City. Methods Descriptive analysis was conducted on data of the X-ray radiography and lung function examination of 8,222 dust workers in private enterprises in Tangshan City in 2017. Results The detection rate of pneumoconioid changes in X-ray chest radiography was 0.26%. The detection rate in male workers aged over 50 in mining industry and medium sized enterprises were significantly higher than that in other groups(P<0.05). The detection rate of pneumoconioid changes increased with age and working age(P<0.05). Lung function FVC%, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC% of workers in mining industry and small enterprises were lower than in manufacturing industry and large enterprises(P<0.05). Restricted ventilation dysfunction was predominant. The detection rate of restricted ventilation dysfunction in mining industry, small enterprises and coal dust setting was higher than that in other groups(P<0.05). The age ≥ 50 years old, dust exposure for more than 10 years, and mining industry could increase the risk of pneumoconioid changes in workers exposed to dust compared with the control group(OR > 1, P<0.05). Conclusion The health damage of lung and ventilation function of dust exposed workers in mining industry and medium and small sized private enterprises in Tangshan City appeared more obvious. On the basis the characteristics of risk factors, it is essential to strengthen the supervision of key groups and key industries to reduce the detection rate of pneumoconioid changes.

关 键 词：粉尘作业 私营企业 呼吸系统 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]