禾谷类粮食粉尘理化特性及职业危害分析  

Analysis of Physical and Chemical Properties and Occupational Hazards of Cereal Grain Dust

作　　者：李新宇[1,2] 姚遵友 章帆 罗润东[1,2] 李洪 LI Xinyu;YAO Zunyou;ZHANG Fan;LUO Rundong;LI Hong(School of Mechanical Engineering,Hefei University of Technology,Hefei 230009;不详)

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学机械工程学院,合肥230009 [2]合肥工业大学机械工业绿色设计与制造重点实验室,合肥230009 [3]安徽云龙粮机有限公司,安徽阜阳236500

出　　处：《工业安全与环保》2019年第12期70-74,共5页Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51405120);安徽省科技重大专项(16030701094)

摘　　要：通过粮库禾谷类粮食进出仓作业现场多级采样实验,采用SEM、激光粒度分析仪、XRF和高频红外碳硫分析仪等分析方法,从质量浓度、粒径分布等多个角度,对采集的禾谷类粮食进出仓粉尘进行理化特性分析。结果表明:禾谷类粮食进出仓粉尘的瞬时接触质量浓度可超过1000mg/m^3,其中细颗粒物质量浓度约为4mg/m^3。粒径大于10μm的粉尘颗粒呈现近似球形或细长杆形形貌,超细粉尘颗粒主要以细碎屑状聚集状态的形式存在。禾谷类粮食粉尘成分复杂,含有多种金属元素,其中包括一些铬、镍等毒性金属。根据实验结果和现有的毒理学研究结论,分析了禾谷类粮食进出仓过程中产生的粉尘对人体的危害。Through the multi-stage sampling experiment at the grain storage and storage site,the SEM,laser particle size analyzer,XRF and high-frequency infrared carbon and sulfur analyzer are used to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of the collected dust entering and leaving the warehouse materials from various angles such as mass concentration and particle size distribution.The results show that the instantaneous contact mass concentration of cereal grain in and out of the warehouse dust can exceed 1000 mg/m 3,and the fine particle mass concentration is about 4 mg/m 3.The dust particles having a particle diameter of more than 10μm exhibit an approximately spherical or elongated rod-shaped morphology,and the ultrafine dust particles mainly exist in a finely-aggregated state.The cereal grain dust is complex in composition and contains a variety of metallic elements,including some toxic metals such as chromium and nickel.According to the experimental results and the existing toxicological research conclusions,the harm caused by the dust generated in the process of cereal grain entering and leaving the warehouse is analyzed.

关 键 词：禾谷类粮食粉尘 粒径分布 微观形貌 纳米毒理学 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]