文学理论与史学理论——海登·怀特研究在中国（1987-2018）  

Theory of Literary and Theory of History: The Studies on Hayden White in China from 1987 to 2018

作　　者：陈新[1] Chen Xin

机构地区：[1]浙江大学历史系

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2019年第1期93-135,M0005,M0006,共45页The World History Review

摘　　要：在中国,有关海登·怀特的学术研究主要在两个领域中进行:文学理论和史学理论(包含历史哲学)。本文旨在对怀特思想在中国的接受史进行一些分析。1987年,北京大学比较文学家杨周翰教授首次关注到怀特的思想,自此,杨周翰及其学生盛宁对怀特的文学理论进行了介绍、翻译与研究。他们认为怀特是“新历史主义文化批评学派”的重要代表。他们对于怀特在文学与历史、虚与实的关系方面,以及话语比喻理论方面,给予了特别的关注。就新历史主义而言,怀特的确是一位重要学者。然而,与那些被介绍到中国的大量海外文学理论家相比,怀特的影响相对还比较小。怀特在中国史学理论界的重要性和地位,要远甚于他在文学理论界的重要性和地位。1999年,笔者开始对怀特的思想进行系统阐述,并于2004年翻译出版了怀特的代表作《元史学:19世纪欧洲的历史想象》。自此,中国的史学理论研究开始受到了以怀特和安克斯密特为代表的历史叙事与历史表现研究的影响。许多中国史学理论领域的学者认为,怀特和安克斯密特是后现代主义史学理论家,并相信在过去20年间,正是他们为中国的史学理论研究带来了巨大冲击。不少中国史家把怀特列为他们的研究对象,支持、反对或修正怀特的思想。更多的研究者也会在涉及史学理论的研究中或多或少地引用怀特。据此,可以说,怀特成了当代中国史学理论研究中不可绕过的人物。通过分析过去31年间中国有关怀特的研究成果,我们可以了解到,他在文学理论与史学理论领域内对中国学术界的影响。这种影响形成的趋势,现阶段仍然在扩散过程中。In China,Hayden White’s academic thoughts is studied mainly in two areas:theory of literary and theory of history(including philosophy of history).This paper hopes to offer a comprehensive analysis of the acceptance history of White’s thought in Chinese.In 1987,White’s thought was first introduced into China by literary critics.They focused their research on his theory of tropics of discourse.However,in Chinese academic circle,his importance is far less to the studies of literary theory than to the studies of theory of history(including philosophy of history).In the field of theory of history and philosophy of history,the first study on White’s thought was conducted in 1999 by Chen Xin,who later became the Chinese translator of Metahistory(2004).Since then,traditional Chinese theory of history has been greatly influenced by studies of historical narrative and historical representation carried out by scholars represented by White and Frank Ankersmit.More scholars in the area of Chinese theory of history or philosophy of history regard them as postmodernist theorists of history,and believe that the postmodernism they stand for is the source of thought that has brought the greatest impact to Chinese theory of history in the past 20 years.

关 键 词：海登·怀特 历史叙事 新历史主义 史学理论 后现代主义 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]