油田含油污泥减量及无害处理技术研究  

Study on the Reduction and Harmless Treatment Technology of Oilfield Oily Sludge

作　　者：李日宁[1] 路浩[1] 佟海松[1] LI Rining;LU Hao;TONG Haisong(Henan Oilfield Company,SINOPEC)

机构地区：[1]中国石化河南油田分公司

出　　处：《油气田地面工程》2019年第12期111-115,共5页Oil-Gas Field Surface Engineering

摘　　要：油田含油污泥来源成分复杂,污泥中含有大量石油类、硫化物、苯系物、酚类、蒽、芘等有害物质,必须进行无害化达标处理。针对含油污泥含油高、含水高的特点,为降低处理规模及处理费用,采用分类化存放、减量后处理、无害化处置的整体处理原则。通过现场中试,采用“调质+离心分离”工艺对含水90%以上污泥进行脱水和脱油的减量化处理,通过优化调质加药量,调节控制分离温度,利用两级离心机分离油泥水,减量化处理后的含油污泥简单晾晒后,达到固相含水率小于75%、含油率小于3%的指标。减量后污泥采用直接焚烧、热相分离、“热相干馏+回炉燃烧”三种工艺进行对比试验研究,三种工艺的加热方式、温度的控制和处理成本均不相同,无害化处置后均能达到GB 4284—2018《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》中的石油类小于3000 mg/kg的指标。无害化处置后污泥残渣袋装后密闭暂存,定期外运用于井场或井场路铺垫使用,同时实现污油回收、残渣和尾气符合环保要求。The source and composition of oilfield oily sludge are complex.It contains a mass of hazardous substances such as petroleum,sulfide,benzene series,phenols,anthracene and pyrene,so it must be treated in a harmless manner.In view of the high oil content and high water content of oily sludge,in order to reduce the treatment scale and cost,the overall treatment principle of classified storage,post-reduction treatment and harmless treatment is adopted.Through the on-site pilot test,the tempering+centrifugation separation process is used to carry out the dehydration and deoiling treatment of sludge with water content more than 90%.By optimizing the dose amount of tempering,the separation temperature is adjusted and controlled.The two-stage centrifugation is used to separate oil,sludge and water.And reduction treatment and simple hanging up,the oil sludge reaches the indicators that its solid phase water content is less than 75%and its oil content is less than 3%.After reduction,the sludge is compared and tested by three processes of incineration,thermal phase separation and thermal phase distillation+return furnace combustion.The heating method,temperature control and treatment cost of the three processes are different.After the non-destructive treatment,the sludge finally can reach the petroleum indicator of less than 3000 mg/kg in the Pollutant Control Standard of the Sludge Used for Agriculture(GB 4284-2018).After the harmless treatment,the sludge residue is sealed and temporarily stored in the bag,and it is used for the well site or the well site road padding through regular outward transportation.At the same time,the sewage oil recovery is realized,and the residue and tail gas meet the environmental protection requirements.

关 键 词：含油污泥 减量化 资源化 无害化 焚烧 热相分离 

分 类 号：X70[环境科学与工程—环境工程]