碳量子点作为生物相容性发光材料在再生医学方面的应用  

Application of Carbon Quantum Dots as Biocompatible Luminous Materials in Regenerative Medicine

作　　者：杨磊 杨志 连锋[1] YANG Lei;YANG Zhi;LIAN Feng(Department of Cardiovascular Surgery,Renji Hospital,School of Medicine,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200127;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Thin Film and Microfabrication Technology,School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属仁济医院心外科,上海200127 [2]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院薄膜与微细技术教育部重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第S02期1-9,共9页Materials Reports

摘　　要：碳纳米材料(CNMs)因在电子、光学、热和机械特性、多用途功能化化学上的作用而受到科学界的关注。由于碳纳米材料的固有疏水性,它们比金属基纳米材料更具有生物相容性和安全性。碳纳米材料(CNMs)可以通过疏水相互作用或π-π堆积来搭载相应的药物,用作高效的药物传递平台。近年来石墨烯、富勒烯、碳纳米管,碳量子点成为治疗癌症以及细胞内标记最广泛使用的碳纳米材料,并且可以通过共价或非共价修饰使这些碳纳米材料具有生物相容性。共价修饰是在其表面引入羟基、羧基或氨基,这些自由基与保护生物聚合物聚乙二醇(PEG)进一步结合,而非共价修饰是在CNMs上负载亲氨性分子。这些碳基纳米材料经过大量的研究证明不仅是各种生物大分子的良好负载载体,而且是很好的光敏剂。此外,许多理想的功能化基团可以被整合到CNMs上,用于肿瘤的主动靶向和归巢。由于CNMs固有的光学特性,许多研究者也对其在肿瘤细胞和干细胞成像的应用上进行了研究,并证明它们是未来生物成像中可靠的材料。在众多的碳基纳米材料中,碳量子点由于特殊的零维结构以及优异的性能不仅在材料领域引起人们的重视,在生物应用方面也备受关注。过去十年来,将基因、生长因子等生物大分子输送到干细胞方法的发展引发了人们对通过纳米药物疗法改善人类疾病治疗的可能性的探索。然而,尽管取得了很大的进展,但在这种基于纳米药物疗法能够在临床环境中安全有效地应用之前,还需要解决很多关键性的技术问题。如干细胞在移植到缺血区域后,由于其微环境的改变,导致干细胞的存活、迁移等状态发生改变。本文综述了这些纳米药物治疗的进展,重点介绍了先进的碳量子点纳米粒子技术,以监控治疗性移植后干细胞在体内和体外的位置,对活细胞体内大分子的示踪以及Carbon nanomaterials(CNMs)have attracted the attention of the scientific community because of their role in electronic,optical,thermal and mechanical properties and multi-purpose functional chemistry.Because of their inherent hydrophobicity,carbon nanomaterials have more biocompatibility and safety than metal-based nanomaterials.Carbon nanomaterials(CNMs)can be used as an efficient drug delivery platform by hydrophobic interaction orπ-πstacking.In recent years,graphene,fullerene,carbon nanotubes and carbon quantum dots have become the most widely used carbon nanomaterials for the treatment of cancer and intracellular labeling.These carbon nanomaterials can be biocompatible by covalent or non-covalent modification.Covalent modification is the introduction of hydroxyl,carboxy or amino groups on its surface.These free radicals further bind to the protective biopolymer polyethylene glycol(PEG),while the non-covalent modification is supported on CNMs.These carbon-based nanomaterials have been proved to be not only good loading carriers for various biological macromolecules,but also good photosensitizers.In addition,many ideal functionalization can be integrated into CNMs for active targeting and homing of tumors.Because of the inhe-rent optical properties of CNMs,many researchers have also studied its application in tumor cell and stem cell imaging,and proved that they are reliable materials in future biological imaging.Among many carbon-based nanomaterials,carbon quantum dots(CQDs)have not only attracted people’s attention in the field of materials but also attracted great interest in biological applications because of their special zero-dimensional structure and excellent properties.In the past decade,the development of biological macromolecules such as genes,growth factors and other biological macromolecules to stem cells has led to the exploration of the possibility of improving the treatment of human diseases through nano-drug therapy.However,although great progress has been made,many key technical problems n

关 键 词：碳量子点 干细胞纳米粒子 示踪 

分 类 号：R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程] R329.2[医药卫生—基础医学]