聚合物吸附剂的制备及在水体重金属污染净化应用中的研究进展  

Research Progress in Preparation of Polymer Adsorbents and Purification of Heavy Metal Pollution in Water Body

作　　者：蒋芳 雷婷 李声剑 任子旋 王利莲 刘萌 汤立红 王世雄[1] JIANG Fang;LEI Ting;LI Shengjian;REN Zixuan;WANG Lilian;LIU Meng;TANG Lihong;WANG Shixiong(School of Chemical Science and Technology,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091)

机构地区：[1]云南大学化学科学与工程学院

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第S02期526-532,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：云南省自然科学基金面上项目(2018FB014);昆明市科技局环保示范类重大项目(2017-1-S-12305)~~

摘　　要：水污染严重威胁着全球淡水资源的安全。在众多污染物中,重金属污染致命且难以去除。水环境中重金属主要以溶解态和颗粒态存在,其迁移与转化过程复杂多样,几乎包括水体中各种物理、化学和生物过程。重金属还易被生物摄食吸收、浓缩和富集,通过食物链逐级放大,达到危害顶级生物的水平。因此,对重金属进行净化显得尤为重要。目前,吸附技术是使用最为广泛、对环境最为友好的一种净化方法。其中研究较热的一类新型吸附剂——高分子聚合物(如改性天然聚合物、高分子硫聚合物、地质聚合物和导电聚合物等),由于其制备简单、结构稳定、可个性化定制,对重金属具有高效的吸附作用,因此它的应用前景较广阔。基于此,本文对高分子聚合物的合成方法以及去除重金属污染物的应用研究进展进行总结,并对其发展前景做一些展望。Water pollution is a serious threat to the safety of global freshwater resources.Among many pollutants,heavy metal pollution is fatal and difficult to remove.In the water environment,heavy metals are mainly in the form of particles,and their migration and transformation processes are complex and diverse,including almost all physical,chemical and biological processes in water.Heavy metals are also easily absorbed,concentrated and enriched by biological feeding,and are scaled up through the food chain to reach levels that harm top organisms.Among the va-rious heavy metal purification methods currently studied,the adsorption technology has the advantages of wide material source,simple operation,high removal rate,recyclability and environmental friendliness.Among them,a new type of adsorbent,a high molecular polymer(such as modified natural polymer,high molecular sulfur polymer,geopolymer and conductive polymer),is simple to prepare,structurally stable,and customi-zable,and it has high adsorption capacity for heavy metals and has broad application prospects.In this paper,the synthesis research methods and the application research progress of removing heavy metal pollutants are summarized,and some prospects are made for its development prospects.

关 键 词：高分子聚合物 吸附剂 重金属 水体污染 

分 类 号：O61[理学—无机化学]