聚合物基水滑石-石墨烯复合阻燃材料的研究进展  

Research Progress of Polymer-based Hydrotalcite-Graphene Flame Retardant Composites

作　　者：安文 马建中 徐群娜 AN Wen;MA Jianzhong;XU Qunna(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education,College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi’an 710021;Shaanxi Research Institute of Agricultural Products Processing Technology,Xi’an 710021)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学轻工科学与工程学院,国家轻工化学实验工程示范中心,西安710021 [2]陕西农产品加工技术研究所,西安710021

出　　处：《材料导报》2019年第S02期604-608,共5页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(21838007);陕西省创新人才推进计划-青年科技新星项目(2019KJXX-011)~~

摘　　要：近年来,高分子材料已广泛应用于民用、工业和建筑等各个领域,但其具有潜在的火灾危险,因此,在实际生产过程中,制备阻燃型高分子材料具有一定的必要性。制备阻燃型高分子材料常用的方法是在高分子材料中引入阻燃剂,不仅可以消除或降低材料的可燃性,还可减少火灾的发生和蔓延。阻燃剂主要分为两种,一是有机阻燃剂,二是无机阻燃剂。随着人类对环保问题的重视,无机阻燃剂由于具有危害性小、抑烟效果好、污染小而被广泛应用于高分子加工过程中,以提高高分子基体的阻燃性能。随着科技的发展,无机纳米材料已逐渐应用于人们的日常生活中。水滑石和石墨烯因具有独特的结构和特殊的性能而受到研究者的广泛关注。水滑石是由层间阴离子及带正电荷层板堆积而成的二维层状材料,具有主体层板金属离子组成的可调变性、主体层板电荷密度及其分布的可调变性、插层阴离子客体种类及数量可调变性和层内空间可调变性等多种结构特点,可将其引入高分子基体中,从而广泛应用于阻燃、吸附和催化等不同的领域。而石墨烯也是一种二维层状材料,是目前已知最薄、最坚硬的纳米材料,具有结构稳定、超强导电性、超高强度和优异的韧度等优异特性,可将其引入高分子基体中,由于其特殊的组成和结构,可广泛应用在阻燃、电子信息和生物医学等领域。因此,水滑石和石墨烯两种二维层状材料在阻燃领域均有一定的发展前景。为进一步提高高分子材料的阻燃性能,有不少研究者采用不同方法制备水滑石-石墨烯(LDH-rGO)复合材料,并将其引入高分子体系中,制备聚合物基LDH-rGO复合材料,探究其阻燃性能。本文将主要综述LDH-rGO的基本性能及制备方法和聚合物基LDH-rGO复合材料的制备方法,重点介绍聚合物基LDH-rGO复合材料在阻燃方面的应用研究进展。最�In recent years,polymer materials have been widely used in civil,industrial and construction fields.However,most of the traditional macromolecule materials are composed of hydrocarbon elements in the process of production and processing,which have potential fire hazards.Therefore,it is necessary to prepared flame retardant polymer in the production process.The common method of preparing flame retardant polymer is introduce flame retardant into polymer materials.Not only to overcome or reduce the flammability of materials,but also reduce the occurrence and spread of fire.Flame retardants are mainly divided into two types:organic and inorganic flame retardants.With the importance of environmental protection,inorganic flame retardants have been widely used in polymer processing to improve the flame retardancy for their less harmfulness,good smoke suppression effect and less pollution.With the development of science and technology,inorganic nanomaterials have been gradually applied in daily life.Layered double hydroxides(LDH)and graphene have attracted much attention because of unique structure and special properties.LDH is a two-dimensional layered material consisting of interlayer anions and positively charged layers.It has many structural characteristics,such as adjustable variability of metal ions composition,charge density and distribution of main layers,adjustable variability of species and quantity of intercalated anions,and adjustable variability of space in layers.It is used in different fields such as flame retardant,adsorption and catalysis.Graphene is also a two-dimensional layered material.It is the thinnest and hardest nanomaterial known at present.It has excellent properties such as structural stability,superconductivity,super-high strength and excellent toughness.Graphene can be introduced into polymer because its special composition and structure,it can be widely used in flame retardant,electronic information and biomedical research fields.Therefore,two kinds of materials,LDH and graphene,have certai

关 键 词：水滑石-石墨烯 阻燃 聚合物 

分 类 号：TQ630.43[化学工程—精细化工] TQ314.1