18世纪英国同情的理论与实践  

Theory and Practice of Sympathy in England in the 18th Century

作　　者：姜南[1] JIANG Nan

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院世界历史研究所

出　　处：《天津师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期15-21,共7页Journal of Tianjin Normal University(Social Science)

摘　　要：18世纪英国虽然经济发展迅猛,但失地农民、作坊和工厂工人、因为粮食价格上涨而挨饿的人、监狱的犯人、被英国人猎获贩卖的非洲奴隶等却遭遇了深重的苦难。在这种巨大的社会苦难面前,大卫·休谟、亚当·斯密写出了系统的关于同情的理论著作,但丝毫也没有表现出对现实社会底层人苦难的同情。而卫斯理却带领他创立的循道宗教友们为减缓以上这些人的苦难做了大量效果卓著的工作,以实际行动表达了他们对底层人苦难的深切同情。冷漠的同情理论与热烈的同情实践形成尖锐的对立、巨大的反差。Although the economy of England developed rapidly in the 18 th century,landless farmers,workshop and factory workers,people suffering from hunger due to rising food prices,prisoners in prisons,and African slaves who were hunted for sale by the British had suffered a great deal.In the face of such great social suffering,David Hume and Adam Smith wrote systematic theoretical works on sympathy,but they did not show any sympathy for the suffering of the underclass of the real society in their time.David Wesley,however,led his fellows of Methodist religions to do a lot of work to alleviate the sufferings of these people,expressing their deep sympathy for the sufferings of the underclass.Cold sympathy theory and warm sympathy practice formed sharp opposition and huge contrast.This article has carried on the analysis to this.

关 键 词：18世纪英国 穷人的苦难 同情理论 大卫·休谟 亚当·斯密 大卫·卫斯理 

分 类 号：I20[文学—中国文学]