司法推定的适用条件与要求  

The Applicable Conditions and Requirements of Judicial Presumption

作　　者：毛淑玲[1] 林驰 Mao Shuling;Lin Chi

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学法学院,辽宁大连116081 [2]辽宁省大连市中级人民法院,辽宁大连116011

出　　处：《法学杂志》2019年第12期114-123,共10页Law Science Magazine

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅服务地方项目“辽南地区刑事庭审实质化实践研究——以大连地区法院为检视样本”(项目批准号:WF201783618)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：推定是诉讼活动中裁判者认定案件事实的有效法律方法和技术手段,对推定做立法推定与司法推定的分类较为合适。在法官进行事实认定的过程中,司法推定适用较多。司法推定的适用条件包括对基础事实严格确证、经验法则准确选择、法律效果明确规定、救济方法科学到位。司法推定的适用主体只能是法官,当事人的推定启动申请权不具有实质意义。适用司法推定要履行告知程序并遵循相关原则,如"裁判者排除干扰原则""在刑事领域保守适用原则""单级推定原则""心证公开原则"等。在实践中要矫正对司法推定的几个误解,实现对推定方法的真正规制,使推定的效力从期待状态达到现实状态。Presumption is an effective legal method and technical means for judges to determine the facts of cases in litigation activities. It is appropriate to classify presumption into legislative presumption and judicial presumption, judicial presumption is more applicable in the activities of fact determination by judges. The applicable conditions of judicial presumption include strict confirmation of basic facts, accurate selection of empirical rules, clear stipulation of legal effect and scientific relief methods. The subject of judicial presumption can only be the judge. The party’s right to initiate presumption application has no substantive significance. The application of judicial presumption requires the notification procedure and follow the related principles, such as "judge rule out interference principle", "conservative principles in the field of criminal", "single-stage presumption principle", "Disclosure of judge’s discretionary evaluation principle"and so on. In practice, we should correct several misunderstandings of judicial presumption, realize the real regulation of presumption method, and make the effectiveness of presumption reach the real state from the expected state.

关 键 词：司法推定 法官 适用条件 要求 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]