从年代学到通史：17—18世纪耶稣会士的中国史撰述  

From Chronology to General History: the Jesuits’ writings on the History of China in the 17th and 18th Century

作　　者：陈喆[1] 丁妍 Chen Zhe

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史系 [2]中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院

出　　处：《世界历史评论》2019年第4期83-106,M0005,共25页The World History Review

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“西方政教关系核心文献整理、翻译与研究”（18ZDA216）阶段性成果

摘　　要：17世纪中叶,当中国历史被耶稣会士介绍到西方时,欧洲学界正专注于对年代学问题的研究。由于耶稣会士所撰写的中国历史,不论详略,始终停留在编年史的状态,欧洲学者们对中国历史的兴趣也因此长期局限于和年代学问题相关的上古部分。新的史学思想要求从复杂的网络中考察历史事件之间的联系,揭示思想和制度的演变并解释原因。耶稣会士关于中国历史的著述显然不能回应这些需要,而他们对中国社会稳定性的强调,更使欧洲人误以为中国在制度和文化上都僵化在了人类文明早期阶段。停滞的中国逐渐沦为人们猎奇的对象。Chronology is a topic heatedly discussed by scholars in early modern Europe.At that time,knowledge of Chinese history was brought to Europe by the Jesuits and became important sources to which scholars had to pay attention.But from Martino Martini to Joseph-Anne-Marie-de Moyriac de Mailla,Jesuits writings of Chinese history in nearly one century,whether detailed or brief,were still in the mode of chronicle.What they tried to stress is the liability of the Chinese historical records,but not the changes of China in her long history.Therefore,European’s interest in the history of China was for a long time limited in its remote age which has a close relation with the question of chronology.New ideas of historiography in the Enlightenment desired historical events to be analyzed in a net of relations so that causes and changes could be clearly represented.Obviously,the Jesuit works of Chinese history could not respond to such demands.Their emphasis on the stability of the Chinese society only stimulated the curiosity of the Europeans,but not serious and precise research.

关 键 词：年代学 历史学 耶稣会士 中国 启蒙 

分 类 号：B97[哲学宗教—宗教学]