组织法视阈中的公司决议及其法律适用  

Corporate Resolution and Legal Application in the View of Organization Law

作　　者：周淳[1] Zhou Chun

机构地区：[1]浙江大学光华法学院

出　　处：《中国法学》2019年第6期139-160,共22页China Legal Science

基　　金：2017年度教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“上市公司反收购法律规制研究”(项目批准号:17YJC820069)的研究成果

摘　　要：民商合一立法体例下,在公司法规范存在缺漏时,基于《民法总则》第134条第2款,关于民事法律行为的一般规则即可适用于公司决议纠纷。然而,行为法规则无法回应公司决议的团体性,也与组织法的原则和价值相矛盾。法律行为制度以契约为原型,其规范重心在意思与表示的一致及双方意思表示的一致。公司决议制度则调整公司意思的形成,亦即部分成员或机关成员的意思如何成为公司的意思从而约束全部。公司决议本质是"公意",而非"合意"。决议只有在符合公司法与章程规定的程序与权限时,方被评价为公司意思。公司决议的特殊性,决定了其应由公司法专门调整的必然性。故对公司决议,公司法有规定的,当然应适用公司法;公司法未有规定的,应先根据公司法的精神与原理进行法律解释和漏洞补充,避免动辄向民事行为法逃避,对公司决议削足适履地适用法律行为的一般规则。Under the framework of the combination of civil law and commercial law, the rules of legal acts in paragraph 2 of article 134 of the General Provisions of Civil Law may be applied to solve corporate resolution disputes when the company law is insufficient. However, the act doctrine contradicts not only the association nature of corporate resolution but also the values and principles of organization law. The legal act system takes the contract as the prototype and focuses on the identity between will and act as well as the agreement between acts. On the contrary, the system of corporate resolution responses to how a corporate will is generated, that is, how the intention of some members or members of the agency becomes the company’s intention to restrict the whole. A corporate resolution is public will instead of private agreements in essence. Thus, only resolutions established according to decision-making procedures and authorities provided in the company law and articles of association will be deemed as corporate will. The distinctive features of corporate resolution lead to distinction in legal application. Company law applies first and exclusively to corporate resolution disputes. Even where company law is insufficient, judges should refer to the theories and principles of company law to fill the gap, rather than evading to civil law as last resort to apply the general rules of legal acts to corporate resolution.

关 键 词：公司决议 公司意思 程序权限 法律行为 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]