基于CMAQ空气质量模型研究机动车对济南市空气质量的影响  

Influence of Motor Vehicles on Air Quality in Urban Areas based on the CMAQ Model

作　　者：周成[1] 李少洛 孙友敏[2] 张桂芹[2] 李思逺 朱丽[2] ZHOU Cheng;LI Shaoluo;SUN Youmin;ZHANG Guiqin;LI Siyuan;ZHU Li(Shandong Provincial Environment Monitoring Center,Jinan 250101,China;School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Jinan 250101,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省环境监测中心站,山东济南250101 [2]山东建筑大学市政与环境工程学院,山东济南250101

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2019年第12期2031-2039,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：济南市科技计划项目(No.201302125)~~

摘　　要：为研究济南市机动车排气对城市区域空气质量的影响,利用环境空气质量监测站点(简称“1号站点”)和路边机动车尾气监测站点(简称“2号站点”)的在线数据,以及基于4种模拟情景的CMAQ空气质量模型预测数据,研究了济南市城市区域大气污染物质量浓度变化规律及不同机动车车型对6种常规大气污染物的贡献.结果表明:①在采暖季,1号站点ρ(PM 2.5)、ρ(PM 10)、ρ(NO 2)、ρ(CO)、ρ(O 3)和ρ(SO 2)月均值分别为435μg m^3、702μg m^3、84.2μg m^3、6.8 mg m^3、4.5μg m^3和92μg m^3.②2015年12月24日(灰霾天),1号站点ρ(CO)、ρ(PM 2.5)和ρ(PM 10)均明显升高,ρ(SO 2)、ρ(O 3)和ρ(NO 2)均变化不明显.2个监测站点中ρ(NO 2)和ρ(PM 10)均呈双峰趋势,2个峰值出现的时间与上、下班高峰期基本一致.除ρ(O 3)和ρ(SO 2)达GB 3095—2012《环境空气质量标准》二级标准外,其他污染物均超过GB 3095—2012二级标准限值,采暖季大气污染特征为颗粒物型污染.③机动车对研究区域NO 2和PM 10贡献率较大,其中,小型车对CO、NO 2、PM 10和PM 2.5贡献率最大,其贡献率分别为85.7%、50.1%、53.4%和52.8%.机动车排放源能降低空气中ρ(O 3),其总贡献率为-25.5%,其中大型车、中型车、小型车对O 3的贡献率分别为-8.8%、-2.7%和-8.9%.灰霾天下不同机动车车型对空气中污染物质量浓度的总贡献率均比采暖季大.研究显示,济南市采暖季大气污染特征为颗粒物型污染,机动车排放源对空气中NO 2和PM 2.5有较大贡献.The effect of motor vehicle exhaust on urban air quality in Jinan City was studied herein.Based on the on-line monitoring data at Sites 1 and 2,and the projected results from CMAQ(community multi-scale air quality)for four simulated scenarios,the characteristics of air pollutants in Jinan City during the heating season were investigated to evaluate the influence of vehicle types on six air pollutants.The results are as follows:(1)The average monthlyρ(PM 2.5),ρ(PM 10),ρ(NO 2),ρ(CO),ρ(O 3)andρ(SO 2)are 435μg m^3,702μg m^3,84.2μg m^3,6.8 mg m^3,4.5μg m^3 and 92μg m^3 during the heating season.(2)On December 24 th,2015(haze days),ρ(CO),ρ(PM 2.5)andρ(PM 10)at Site 1 increased significantly,whileρ(SO 2),ρ(O 3)andρ(NO 2)concentrations did not change significantly.The occurrence of these peaks coincided with the peak commuting times.Studies have shown that all pollutants except O 3 and SO 2 exceed the national Level 2 standard specified in Ambient air quality standard(GB 3095-2012),and that the characteristics of air pollution in the Jinan City heating season are those of particulate pollution.Moreover,motor vehicles are significant contributors of NO 2 and PM 10.(3)The contribution rates of different types of vehicles to the four kinds of conventional air pollutants varies greatly because of differences in quantity and speed.The small car has the largest contribution rate to CO,NO 2,PM 10 and PM 2.5 and these values are 87.5%,50.1%,53.4%and 52.8%,respectively.Motor vehicle emission can reduce the mass concentration of air O 3 with a total contribution of-25.5%.The contribution rates of large car,medium car and small car to air O 3 are-8.8%,-2.7%and-8.9%,respectively.The total contribution rate of the mass concentration of the air pollutants on haze days is higher than that of the heating season.On haze days,the contributions of various vehicle types to different pollutant concentrations in the air increased.The results show that the characteristics of environmental air pollution in Jinan City is particu

关 键 词：区域空气质量 CMAQ空气质量模型 机动车排气 大气污染物 贡献率 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]