不同豆梨品种对低温胁迫的生理响应及抗寒性评价  

Physiological response and cold resistance evaluation of different Pyrus calleryan varieties under low temperature stress

作　　者：李清亚 路斌[1] 赵佳伟 栗浩 李艳[1] 苗胜越 路丙社[1] LI Qingya;LU Bin;ZHAO Jiawei;LI Hao;LI Yan;MIAO Shengyue;LU Bingshe(College of Landscape and Tourism,Agricultural University of Hebei,Baoding,Hebei 071000,China;Renqiu City Management Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Bureau,Renqiu,Hebei 062550,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学园林与旅游学院,河北保定071000 [2]任丘市城市管理综合行政执法局,河北任丘062550

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第1期86-94,110,共10页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD01B06-1);河北省自然科学基金项目(C2019204066)

摘　　要：【目的】对8个豆梨品种的抗寒性进行综合性评价,为我国北方地区北美豆梨引种时的品种选择提供借鉴。【方法】以3年生8个品种豆梨及杜梨苗木的当年生休眠枝条为材料,研究低温胁迫(-10,-15,-20,-25和-30℃)对其相对电导率,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸含量的影响,采用隶属函数法对不同品种豆梨的抗寒性进行综合评价。【结果】随着处理温度的降低,豆梨相对电导率呈逐渐升高趋势,各豆梨品种的低温伤害起始温度为-12.57^-20.36℃,可忍耐的最低温度为-33.95^-40.27℃,低温半致死温度(LT50)为-25.61^-29.38℃。低温胁迫过程中,各品种豆梨SOD和POD活性整体呈先升高后降低趋势,-25℃时达到峰值;MDA、脯氨酸、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量随着处理温度的降低逐渐升高。采用隶属函数综合评价的抗寒性强弱顺序为:克利夫兰>新布拉德福德>殿级堂>贵族>资本>三体>杜梨>秋火焰>红塔。【结论】在我国杜梨天然分布区引种北美豆梨克利夫兰、新布拉德福德、殿级堂、贵族、资本和三体可安全越冬,而引种秋火焰和红塔则应注意在越冬期间采取一定的防寒保护措施。【Objective】 Comprehensive evaluation of cold resistance of 8 varieties of Pyrus calleryana was conducted to provide basis for selection of varieties in North China.【Method】 One-year-old dormant shoots of 8 cultivars of Pyrus calleryana and Pyrus betulaefolia were selected and the relative electrical conductivity,activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD),and contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),soluble sugars,soluble protein and proline were studied under low temperature stress(-10,-15,-20,-25 and-30 ℃).The cold hardiness of each variety was evaluated using the membership function method.【Result】 The relative conductivity increased gradually with the decrease of treatment temperature.The initiation temperature of low temperature damage of different varieties of Pyrus betulaefolia was-12.57--20.36 ℃,the lowest temperature tolerable was-33.95--40.27 ℃,and the semi-lethal temperature(LT50) was-25.61--29.38 ℃.Under low temperature stress,activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased first and then decreased,with the peak at-25 ℃.The contents of malondialdehyde,proline and soluble sugar increased gradually with the decrease of treatment temperature,while the soluble protein increased first followed by decrease.The cold resistance was in the order of Cleveland>New Bradford>Chanticleer>Avistocra>Capital>Trinity>Pyrus betulaefolia>Autumn Blaze>Redspire.【Conclusion】 In the natural distribution area of Pyrus betulaefolia in China,Pyrus calleryana Cleveland,New Bradford,Chanticleer,Avistocra,Capital and Trinity can safely winter,while ’Autumn Blaze’ and ’Redspire’ need special attention against cold.

关 键 词：豆梨品种 低温胁迫 低温半致死温度 抗寒性评价 

分 类 号：S687.9[农业科学—观赏园艺]