国外公务员制度改革趋势——以英国、美国、法国和日本为例  

The Trend of Civil Service Reform in Foreign Countries——Take Britain, the United States, France and Japan as Examples

作　　者：朱祝霞[1] Zhu Zhuxia

机构地区：[1]中国人事科学研究院公务员管理研究室

出　　处：《中国人事科学》2019年第11期13-19,共7页Chinese Personnel Science

摘　　要：20世纪80年代以来,英国、美国、法国和日本等国家不断改革公务员制度,呈现出某些共性发展趋势。一是制度向分权化、科学化、弹性化发展。国家公务员最高管理部门对高级公务员之外的普通公务员给予各行政部门较大的管理自主权,构建科学的管理制度,注重增强制度弹性。二是监督约束与激励保障并举。公务员制度由过去的强制性、服从性管理制度转为监督约束与激励保障并举的制度。三是行政伦理不断强化。各国自20世纪末开始越来越重视强化公务员行政伦理,明确规定了公务员的核心价值观与行为标准,规范公务员行为。Since the 1980s,the United Kindom,the United States,France,Japan and other countries have continuously reformed their civil service systems,showing some common development trends.First,the system has turned to be decentralized,scientific and flexible.The highest administrative department of the national civil service allowed each administrative department greater administrative autonomy to ordinary civil servants other than senior civil servants.They established a scientific management system and enhanced the flexibility of the system.Second,supervision,restraint and encouragement should be combined.The civil service system has changed from the previous mandatory and subordinate management system to a system that combines supervision,restraint and encouragement.Third,administrative ethics have been continuously strengthened.Since the end of the 20th century,countries have paid more and more attention to strengthening the administrative ethics of civil servants,clearly defining the core values and behavior standards of civil servants,and standardizing the behavior of civil servants.

关 键 词：公务员制度 发展趋势 弹性化 行政伦理 

分 类 号：D035.2[政治法律—政治学]