遗传育种生物技术创新与水产养殖绿色发展  

Biotechnological innovation in genetic breeding and sustainable green development in Chinese aquaculture

作　　者：张晓娟[1,2] 周莉 桂建芳[1,2] ZHANG XiaoJuan;ZHOU Li;GUI JianFang(State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology,Institute o f Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430072,China;Innovative Academy of Seed Design,Chinese Academy of Sciences,College of Modern Agriculture Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,现代农业科学学院,中国科学院种子创新研究院,北京100101

出　　处：《中国科学：生命科学》2019年第11期1409-1429,共21页Scientia Sinica(Vitae)

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(批准号:XDA08030201,XDA08030202);现代农业产业技术体系(批准号:NYCYTX-49);淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室自主项目(批准号:2019FBZ04)资助

摘　　要：新中国成立70年来,由于政策引导、科技进步和市场开放,中国水产养殖产量持续快速增长.特别是随着生物技术的快速发展,水产遗传育种已从传统选择育种和杂交育种,发展至细胞工程育种、性别控制育种、分子标记辅助选择育种、全基因组选择育种、分子设计育种和基因组编辑等精准设计育种.水产遗传育种基础研究和技术的进步推动着中国水产种业的形成和蓬勃发展,截至2018年,全国水产原良种审定委员会审定并由农业农村部公告的水产新品种就有215个.本文在分析国内外主要进展的基础上,重点综述了水产遗传育种生物技术发展的重大事件及其时间节点、新品种培育和水产种业的发展现状,并由此提出了新时代水产遗传育种和水产种业的国家需求以及推动水产养殖绿色发展的作用及其意义.Since the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949,Chinese aquaculture production has been increasing during the past 70 years,thanks to policy guidance,market opening,and scientific and technological advances.Along with rapid development of biotechnologies,aquaculture genetic breeding has transformed from traditional selection breeding and hybrid breeding to cell engineering breeding,sex control breeding,marker-assisted selection breeding,genome-wide genotyping-based selective breeding,molecular design breeding and genome editing breeding.Advances in basic research and biotechnology of aquaculture genetic breeding have promoted the formation of aquaculture seed industry in China.Till 2018,215 new aquaculture varieties were bred and approved by the National Certification Committee for Aquatic Varieties and announced by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China.Through detailed analysis of the main progress,this review summarizes the major events and time nodes in the development of genetic breeding biotechnologies in aquaculture and the current status of new variety breeding and aquaculture seed industry,and thereby prospects for the national requirements in the new era,as well as the roles and significances for promoting sustainable green development in Chinese aquaculture.

关 键 词：水产养殖 遗传育种 生物技术 水产种业 绿色发展 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]