沙漠苔藓结皮层土壤风化淋溶特征探讨  

Discussion on Weathering and Leaching Characteristics of Desert Mossy Crust Soil

作　　者：闫德仁[1] 黄海广[1] 曲娜[1] YAN De-ren;HUANG Hai-guang;QU Na(Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院

出　　处：《内蒙古林业科技》2019年第4期1-4,28,共5页Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560239)资助

摘　　要：土壤风化淋溶作用对土壤形成、发育具有特别重要的影响,而流动风沙土固定的显著特征就是地表形成生物土壤结皮层(BSC),并影响其养分循环和维管植物群落发育。因此,探讨BSC土壤风化淋溶变化特征对进一步认识BSC生态功能及其和风沙土发育的关系具有现实意义。采用野外典型样地取样和室内分析方法,研究了沙漠区人工固沙植被不同年龄下BSC土壤风化淋溶系数变化。结果表明,随着BSC形成时间的增加,BSC各盐基(SiO2除外)氧化物含量总体呈现出增加的趋势,并且高于对照风沙土;BSC土壤ba值逐渐增加,盐基淋溶较弱,并引起MgO、CaO含量的增加;相对于风沙土,BSC层土壤μ值、Saf值或Sa值逐渐降低,风化程度较强。干旱风沙环境下,BSC土壤存在着盐基淋溶和风化过程,其数据变化值则随着BSC形成时间增加而变好,成土作用明显,保肥能力强。Soil weathering and leaching have a particularly important impact on soil formation and development. The remarkable feature of fixing the flow aeolian sandy soil is the formation of biological soil crust layer(BSC) on the surface. And it affects nutrient cycling and vascular plant community development. Therefore,it is of practical significance to explore the characteristics of BSC soil weathering and leaching to further understand the relationship between BSC ecological function and the development of aeolian sandy soil. The variation of soil leaching coefficient of BSC layer in different ages of artificial sand-fixing vegetation in desert area has been studied by use of sampling in the field and indoor analysis method. The results show that with the increase of formation time of BSC layer, the oxide content of all salt groups(excluding SiO2) in BSC layer generally shows an increasing trend, and it is higher than the control aeolian sandy soil. The soil ba value in BSC layer has gradually increased, the salt leaching is weak, and the contents of MgO and CaO increase. Compared with aeolian sandy soil, the soil μ value, Saf value or Sa value of BSC layer gradually decrease, and the degree of weathering is stronger. In the arid sandstorm environment, there is a salt-based leaching and weathering process in the BSC layer soil. The data change value becomes better as the formation time of the BSC layer increases, the soil formation effect is obvious, and the fertilizer retention ability is strong.

关 键 词：沙漠 苔藓结皮层 盐基元素 土壤风化淋溶 

分 类 号：S181.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]