水分亏缺对柑橘果实生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of Water Deficiency on Fruits Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Citrus

作　　者：李鸿平 陈昱辛 崔宁博[1,2] 高维 LI Hong-ping;CHEN Yu-xin;CUI Ning-bo;GAO Wei(State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;College of Water Resourse and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,China;Hebei Runnong Water Saving Technology Co.,Ltd.Yu tian 064100,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室,成都610065 [2]四川大学水利水电学院,成都610065 [3]河北润农节水科技股份有限公司,河北唐山064100

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2019年第12期6-11,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD24B01);国家自然科学基金项目(51779161,51922072);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2018CDPZH-10,2016CDDY-S04-SCU,2017CDLZ-N22)

摘　　要：为探究低压滴灌不同生育期水分亏缺对柑橘果实生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响,以8年生"不知火"柑橘为试材,2017-2018年在柑橘抽梢开花期(Ⅰ)、幼果期(Ⅱ)、果实膨大期(Ⅲ)和果实成熟期(Ⅳ)各设置4个亏水处理,即轻度亏水(LD)、中度亏水(MD1)、偏重度亏水(MD2)和重度亏水(SD)处理,灌水定额分别为对照的85%、70%、55%和40%,并设置1个对照处理(CK,充分灌水)。结果表明:Ⅰ-MD2、Ⅰ-MD1和Ⅰ-LD处理较CK处理产量分别增加3.0%、5.1%和3.1%,水分利用效率提高4.4%、5.5%和2.8%;Ⅱ-LD处理较CK处理产量提高0.9%,水分利用效率提高2.8%,Ⅱ-MD1处理较CK处理产量降低0.7%,水分利用效率提高3.5%;Ⅲ-LD处理在产量较CK处理降低3.8%的前提下,水分利用效率提高5.0%;Ⅳ-MD2、Ⅳ-MD1和Ⅳ-LD处理产量较CK处理无明显差异,但水分利用效率分别提高9.2%、6.3%和4.1%。因此Ⅰ期MD1处理,Ⅱ、Ⅲ期LD处理以及Ⅳ期MD2处理为适宜低压滴灌柑橘的灌溉模式。In order to explore the effects of water deficit at different growth stages of low-pressure drip irrigation on citrus fruit growth,yield and water use efficiency,from 2017 to 2018,8-years-old Shiranui citrus were selected as study materials,a total of 4 water deficit treatments were designed in 4 growing stage of citrus fruit,including leafing-flowering stage(Ⅰ),young fruit stage(Ⅱ),fruit expansion stage(Ⅲ)and fruit maturing stage(Ⅳ).Meanwhile,the treatment without water deficit was considered as the control with 100%irrigation amount.The 4 water deficit treatments included 85%of irrigation amount(slight water deficit,LD),70%of irrigation amount(moderate water deficit,MD1),55%of irrigation amount(mild water deficit,MD2),and 40%of irrigation amount(severe water deficit,SD).The results showed that the yields ofⅠ-MD2,Ⅰ-MD 1 andⅠ-LD treatments increased by 3.0%,5.1%and 3.1%respectively,and the water use efficiency increased by 4.4%,5.5%and 2.8%compared with CK treatments;the yield and water use efficiency ofⅡ-LD treatment were increased by 0.9%and 2.8%respectively compared with CK treatment;the yield ofⅡ-MD1 treatment was decreased by 0.7%and the water use efficiency was increased by 3.5%compared with CK treatment;the water use efficiency ofⅢ-LD treatment was increased by 5.0%on the premise that the yield of LD treatment was 3.8%lower than that of CK treatment;the yields ofⅣ-MD2,Ⅳ-MD1 andⅣ-LD treatments had no significant difference compared with CK treatments,but the water use efficiency was increased by 9.2%,6.3%and 4.1%respectively.Therefore,stageⅠMD1 treatment,stageⅡandⅢLD treatment and stageⅣMD2 treatment are the optimal irrigation patterns for Citrus under low pressure drip irrigation.

关 键 词：低压滴灌 水分亏缺 柑橘 产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]