论期待可能性理论的历史局限性  

The Time Limitation of Zumutbarkeit Theory

作　　者：董文蕙[1] 吴辉龙 DONG Wenhui;WU Huilong(Law School,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510000,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学法学院

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期81-91,共11页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部社科青年基金项目“被害人视角下涉P2P集资类犯罪的刑法规制研究”(19YJC820009);广州市社科基金项目“互联网金融创新异化的刑事规制研究”(2019GZYB18)

摘　　要：期待可能性理论的概念、体系地位、超法规性等虽然在国内都得到较为充分的讨论,但是关于该理论的诞生以及广泛适用于实务的时代背景则少有探究。通过对德日刑法期待可能性理论及相关判决的历史演变进行考察可以发现,在德国以及日本,被称为"危机之理论"的期待可能性理论本身具有历史局限性。该理论是一战后的德国以及二战后的日本为缓解司法上适用刑法过于积极且严苛的问题时应时而生,而促其成长的土壤则为当时国民生活的窘困、部门法之间界限的未明确以及正当化事由未成熟的刑法理论。随着经济刑法理论的不断成熟,该理论的局限性亦被逐渐揭示,而且基于现代行政法以及劳动法的立法变化,上级的违法命令也并不具有绝对的拘束力,类似于德国癖马案中失去工作的危险之困境抗辩已不复存在。Chinese academic circles have a good grasp of the concept,connotative meaning,denotative meaning and systemic function of Zumutbarkeit Theory,which is beyond the existing law.However,we all neglect the birth and the historical background when this theory was widely used.Throughout the arguments and cases of this theory in Germany and Japan,we can obviously find hat this theory has Time limitation which is called“a risky theory”in Germany and Japan.After the World War I in Germany and World War II in Japan,the application of criminal law is active and harsh,so the birth of the Zumutbarkeit Theory is to relieve the stress of nationals by the law.Therefore,the development of this theory depends on the destituteness of nationals,and they cannot distinguish one department law between others,also the justification of criminal law is incomplete.With the development of Economic criminal law,it reveals the defects of Zumutbarkeit Theory.Moreover,the revision of administrative law and labour legislation show that ilgal command from the superior is not binding,and the dilemma of the Leinenfaenger case disappear.

关 键 词：期待可能性理论 危机之理论 违法命令 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]