2009-2018年内蒙古自治区饮水型地方性砷中毒监测结果分析  

Analysis of monitoring results of drinking-water type endemic arsenism in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2009 to 2018

作　　者：刘一君 崔娜 郭志伟 常子丽 杨晓娟 夏雅娟 Liu Yijun;Cui Na;Guo Zhiwei;Chang Zili;Yang Xiaojuan;Xia Yajuan(School of Public Health,Inner Mongolia Medical University,Hohhot 010110,China;Department for Prevention and Control of Endemic Fluorine and Arsenic Poisoning,Center for Integrated Disease Control and Prevention,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010110,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古医科大学公共卫生学院,呼和浩特010110 [2]内蒙古自治区综合疾病预防控制中心地方性氟砷中毒防控科,呼和浩特010110

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2019年第12期971-974,共4页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：内蒙古自治区卫生计生科研计划项目(201701039)。

摘　　要：目的了解内蒙古自治区饮水型地方性砷中毒流行现状和防治效果,为进一步制定和完善防控策略提供依据.方法2009-2018年,在内蒙古自治区的8个盟市抽取38个病区村作为固定监测点,调查监测村的改水情况及改水工程运转情况,检测水砷含量;对监测村所有正在暴露或以往暴露过高砷水的常住人口进行体检,观察砷中毒患者病情变化情况;每个监测村采集30名成人尿样,检测尿砷含量.结果38个监测村的改水率由2009年的84.21%(32/38)上升到2013年100.00%(38/38),并持续保持;改水工程正常运转率从2009年的64.29%(9/14)上升到2016年的100.00%(18/18),并持续保持;改水工程水砷含量合格率由2009年的64.29%(9/14)上升到2018年的88.89%(16/18);合格工程覆盖人口比例由2009年的47.79%(4846/10140)上升为2018年的84.35%(5370/6366).2009-2018年,水砷含量合格村砷中毒患者检出率为9.17%(3968/43276),未改水及水砷含量超标村为7.48%(805/10759);连续10年无新发病例.不同年份间比较,水砷含量合格村、未改水及水砷含量超标村居民尿砷水平差异有统计学意义(H=424.04、100.35,P均<0.05);同一年份间比较,水砷含量合格村居民尿砷水平低于未改水及水砷含量超标村(P均<0.05).结论10年监测期间,内蒙古自治区饮水型地方性砷中毒病情得到了有效控制,病区改水率、改水工程正常运转率保持良好状态,但水砷合格率仍有待提高.Objective To understand the epidemic situation and control effect of drinking-water type endemic arsenism in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2009 to 2018,and provide a basis for further development and improvement of prevention and control strategies.Methods In 2009-2018,38 diseased villages were selected from 8 cities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as fixed monitoring sites to investigate the water improvement situation of the village and the operation of the water improvement project,and to detect the arsenic content of the water;physical examinations were carried out on all the resident populations who were exposed or previously exposed to high levels of arsenic water in the monitoring villages,and the changes in the condition of arsenic poisoning patients were observed;30 adult urine samples were collected from each monitoring village to detect urinary arsenic levels.Results The water improvement rate of the 38 monitoring villages increased from 84.21%(32/38)in 2009 to 100.00%(38/38)in 2013,and continued to maintain;the normal operation rate of water improvement project increased from 64.29%(9/14)in 2009 to 100.00%(18/18)in 2016,and continued to maintain;the qualified rate of water arsenic content of water improvement project increased from 64.29%(9/14)in 2009 to 88.89%(16/18)in 2018;the proportion of qualified project covered population increased from 47.79%(4846/10140)in 2009 to 84.35%(5370/6366)in 2018.In 2009-2018 the detection rate of arsenic poisoning in the water arsenic content qualified village was 9.17%(3968/43276),and the detection rate in the unchanged water and water arsenic exceeded villages was 7.48%(805/10759);there was no new case for ten consecutive years.There were significant differences in urinary arsenic levels of the water arsenic content qualified villages,the unchanged water and water arsenic exceeded villages between different years(H=424.04,100.35,P<0.05);the urinary arsenic level of water arsenic content qualified villagers was lower than that of the unchanged water and

关 键 词：砷中毒 饮用水 尿 监测 

分 类 号：R59[医药卫生—内科学]