混料设计优化玉木耳的木屑栽培配方  

Optimization of Sawdust Substrate for Auricularia cornea (Yumuer) Cultivation by Mixture Design

作　　者：范冬雨 贾传文[1] 吴楠[1] 李长田[1] FAN Dongyu;JIA Chuanwen;WU Nan;LI Changtian(Engineering Research Center of Chinese Ministry of Education for Edible and Medicinal Fungi,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun,Jilin 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学食药用菌教育部工程研究中心

出　　处：《食用菌学报》2019年第4期57-63,共7页Acta Edulis Fungi

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0601002)

摘　　要：木材在加工过程中会产生大量的木屑,利用这些木屑作为基质进行食用菌栽培,不仅可以解决食用菌原料紧缺问题,还可以废物利用。本文采用单纯型格子法进行混料设计,筛选以桉树木屑、杨树木屑和栎树木屑为主料栽培玉木耳的配方,考察各组配方上的菌丝生长速度、长势、产量和农艺性状,并以产量为指标,优化得到玉木耳栽培配方为15.2%桉树木屑、20.8%杨树木屑、44%栎树木屑、15%米糠、2%豆粕粉、2%玉米粉、1%石膏,此配方栽培玉木耳每袋干耳产量达74.5 g(每袋装湿料1.25 kg),比对照高24%,生物学效率比对照高33.89%。研究结果不仅丰富了玉木耳的培养料配方,且有利于提高玉木耳产量,缩短生产周期。In wood processing,a large number of sawdust is produced.Recycling sawdust for edible fungi cultivation not only can solve the problem of raw material shortage in cultivation,but also can make use of waste from wood processing.Using sawdust from eucalyptus,poplar and oak as the main materials and the simple lattice method for mixed material design,different substrates were investigated and then optimized for Auricularia cornea cultivation.Growth speed,growth vigor,yield and agronomic characteristics of each substrate were investigated.Using yield as the selection criterion,the optimized substrate was 15.2%eucalyptus sawdust,20.8%poplar sawdust,44%oak sawdust,15%rice bran,2%soybean meal,2%corn meal,1%gypsum.Cultivation on the optimized substrate resulted in a yield of 74.5 g dry products per bag(1.25 kg fresh product/bag).Compared to the control,the yield and the biological efficiency of the optimized substrate were increased by 24%and 33.89%,respectively.The results provided more options of cultivation substrates for A.cornea,and at the same time improved yield and reduced overall production time.

关 键 词：玉木耳 单纯型格子法 菌丝生长速度 产量 配方优化 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]