Mesophyll thickness and sclerophylly among Calotropis procera morphotypes reveal water-saved adaptation to environments  

作　　者：Marcelo F POMPELLI Keila R MENDES Marcio V RAMOS Jose N B SANTOS Diaa T A YOUSSEF Jaqueline D PEREIRA Laurício ENDRES Alfredo JARMA-OROZCO Rodolfo SOLANO-GOMES Betty JARMA-ARROYO Andre L J SILVA Marcos A SANTOS Werner C ANTUNES 

机构地区：[1]Plant Physiology Laboratory,Department of Botany,Federal University of Pernambuco,Recife 50670901,Brazil [2]Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,Federal University of Ceará,Fortaleza 60020603,Brazil [3]Department of Natural Products,Faculty of Pharmacy,King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah 21589,Saudi Arabia [4]Institute of Botany,Federal University of Viçosa,Rio Paranaíba Campus,Rio Paranaiba 36570900,Brazil [5]Plant Ecophysiology Laboratory,Federal University of Alagoas,Maceio 57072900,Brazil [6]Faculty of Agricultural Science,University of Córdoba,Montería 230002,Colombia [7]Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Research Interdisciplinary Center for Integrated Rural Development,Santa Cruz Xoxocotlan,Oaxaca 7738,Mexico [8]Department of Biology,University of Maringá,Maringá87020900,Brazil

出　　处：《Journal of Arid Land》2019年第6期795-810,共16页干旱区科学（英文版）

基　　金：funded by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq;470476/2011-7);the Foundation for Science and Technology of Pernambuco, Brazil (APQ-0077-5.01/09, DCR-0034-2.03/13);the scholarship granted to the first author

摘　　要：Calotropis procera(Aiton)Dryand(Apocynaceae)is a native species in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia.However,due to its fast growing and drought-tolerant,it has become an invasive species when it was introduced into Central and South America,as well as the Caribbean Islands.Currently,C.procera displays a wide distribution in the world.Invasiveness is important,in particular,because many invasive species exert a high reproductive pressure on the invaded communities or are highly productive in their new distributed areas.It has been suggested that a very deep root system and a high capacity to reduce stomatal conductance during water shortage could allow this species to maintain the water status required for a normal function.However,the true mechanism behind the successful distribution of C.procera across wet and dry environments is still unknown.C.procera leaves were collected from 12 natural populations in Brazil,Colombia and Mexico,ranging from wet to dry environments during 2014–2015.Many traits of morphology and anatomy from these distinct morphotypes were evaluated.We found that C.procera leaves had a considerable capacity to adjust their morphological,anatomical and physiological traits to different environments.The magnitude of acclimation responses,i.e.,plasticity,had been hypothesized to reflect the specialized adaptation of plant species to a particular environment.However,allometric models for leaf area(LA)estimation cannot be grouped as a single model.Leaves are narrower and thicker with low amounts of air spaces inside the leaf parenchyma in wet environments,while they are broader and thinner with a small number of palisade cell layers in dry environments.Based on these,we argue that broader and thinner leaves of C.procera dissipate incident energy at the expense of a higher rate of transpiration to survive in environments in which water is the most limiting factor and to compete in favorable wet environments.Calotropis procera(Aiton) Dryand(Apocynaceae) is a native species in tropical and subtropical Africa and Asia.However, due to its fast growing and drought-tolerant, it has become an invasive species when it was introduced into Central and South America, as well as the Caribbean Islands.Currently, C.procera displays a wide distribution in the world.Invasiveness is important, in particular, because many invasive species exert a high reproductive pressure on the invaded communities or are highly productive in their new distributed areas.It has been suggested that a very deep root system and a high capacity to reduce stomatal conductance during water shortage could allow this species to maintain the water status required for a normal function.However, the true mechanism behind the successful distribution of C.procera across wet and dry environments is still unknown.C.procera leaves were collected from 12 natural populations in Brazil, Colombia and Mexico, ranging from wet to dry environments during 2014–2015.Many traits of morphology and anatomy from these distinct morphotypes were evaluated.We found that C.procera leaves had a considerable capacity to adjust their morphological, anatomical and physiological traits to different environments.The magnitude of acclimation responses, i.e., plasticity, had been hypothesized to reflect the specialized adaptation of plant species to a particular environment.However, allometric models for leaf area(LA) estimation cannot be grouped as a single model.Leaves are narrower and thicker with low amounts of air spaces inside the leaf parenchyma in wet environments, while they are broader and thinner with a small number of palisade cell layers in dry environments.Based on these, we argue that broader and thinner leaves of C.procera dissipate incident energy at the expense of a higher rate of transpiration to survive in environments in which water is the most limiting factor and to compete in favorable wet environments.

关 键 词：invasive plant energy budget leaf anatomy morphological trait specific leaf area 

分 类 号：O17[理学—数学]