两种阻燃剂复配对聚氨酯泡沫结构及阻燃性影响  

Effect of Two Kind of Flame Retardants on Polyurethane Foam Structure and Flame Retardancy

作　　者：孟玲[1] MENG Ling(School of Medicine and Chemical Engineering,Lian Yun Gang Technical College,Lianyungang,Jiangsu 222069,China)

机构地区：[1]连云港职业技术学院,医药与化学工程学院

出　　处：《塑料》2019年第6期20-22,41,共4页Plastics

基　　金：江苏高校“青蓝工程”项目

摘　　要：三聚氰胺是氮系阻燃剂,具有无卤、低毒、无腐蚀、阻燃效率高且价格低廉等特点,因此,具有广泛的适用范围。可膨胀石墨(EG)能够受热迅速膨胀,在材料表面迅速形成有效的阻隔,其表面的EG会剧烈膨胀并覆盖于材料表面,能够抑制可燃性气体从材料中溢出,隔绝了外界氧气与材料的接触,同时阻碍了燃烧热向材料内部传递。将无卤的有机阻燃剂三聚氰胺和无机阻燃剂EG作为研究对象,研究了2种阻燃剂单独使用对阻燃性能的影响,以及2种阻燃剂复配使用时对阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,当无机阻燃剂EG单独使用时较有机阻燃剂三聚氰胺单独使用时的阻燃性能更佳;有机-无机无卤阻燃剂复合使用时,协同阻燃效果较好。当EG和三聚氰胺按照4∶2的比例加入时,聚氨酯泡沫材料的氧指数可达34.1,该试样在600℃时,失重率约为52.6%,而未加阻燃剂试样反应在600℃时,失重率约为75%,复配阻燃剂试样与不添加阻燃剂的样品相较热稳定性更佳,阻燃性能显著增加。Melamine was a nitrogen-based flame retardantwhich had the characteristics of no halogen,low toxicity,no corrosion,high flame retardant efficiency and low price,so it had a wide range of applications.Expandable graphite(EG)could rapidly expand by heat treatment,forming an effective barrier quickly on the surface of the material.The EG distributed on the surface of the material would expand and cover the surface of the material,and it could inhibit the escape of flammable gas from the material.It also isolated the contact of oxygen and materials from the outside,and also hinderd the transfer of combustion heat to the inside of the material.The non-halogen organic flame retardant melamine and inorganic flame retardant EG were studied.The influence of two kinds of flame retardants used alone on the flame retardancy and the influence of the combination of two kinds of flame retardants on the flame retardancy were discussed.The results showed that the inorganic flame retardant EG was more effective than the organic flame retardant melamine when used alone.When organic-inorganic halogen-free flame retardant was used in combination,it had synergistic flame retardant effect.When EG and melamine were added in 4∶2,the oxygen index of the polyurethane foam could reach 34.1,and the weight loss rate of the sample at 600℃was about 52.6%.However,the sample without the addition of the flame retardant had a weight loss rate of about 75%at 600℃.The thermal stability of the sample with the addition of the composite flame retardant was significantly better than that of the sample without the addition of the flame retardant,and the flame retardant performance was significantly increased.

关 键 词：聚氨酯 阻燃剂 EG 三聚氰胺 氧指数 

分 类 号：TQ323.8[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]