中国早古生代海相碳酸盐岩层系油气地质研究进展  

Advances in Oil and Gas Geology of the Early Paleozoic Marine Carbonate Strata in China

作　　者：刘文汇[1,2] LIU Wen-hui(Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 100083,China;Department of Geology/State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院 [2]西北大学地质学系大陆动力学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2019年第5期871-880,共10页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家973项目“中国早古生代海相碳酸盐岩层系大型油气田形成机理与分布规律”主要成果

摘　　要：中国叠合盆地下古生界广泛发育碳酸盐岩层系,具有巨大的油气资源潜力,但由于沉积时代老、构造改造强、埋藏深度大,导致传统的油气地质理论、资源评价和成藏示踪方法失效,严重制约对海相和深层油气分布规律的认识。基于油气勘探向更深空间、更老层系的拓展,在国家需求主体目标之下,凝练了中国早古生代海相碳酸盐岩层系油气形成机理与分布规律关键科学问题,提出了下古生界油气地质研究思路与技术方法,基于下古生界烃源、储盖层和油气藏普遍经历多期构造运动叠加和演化的特殊性,应用油气地球化学分析手段,取得了显著的理论和技术进展,形成了适用于下古生界油气勘探的成烃成藏地球化学示踪体系和以储盖层预测为核心的地质-地球物理综合预测技术。解剖了塔里木盆地差异构造演化与下古生界油气成藏、四川盆地新元古界和下古生界油气形成与分布,总结出下古生界油气分布的特点。针对复杂地质条件下海相"深层-富气"等特殊地质背景,深化对沉积盆地烃源、成烃和油气富集理论认识。The Lower Paleozoic carbonate strata,widely developed in superimposed basins in China,have great potential for prospecting oil and gas resources.However,due to the old sedimentation age,strong tectonic transformation,and large burial depth of these strata,the traditional petroleum geology theories,resource evaluation and reservoir tracing methods are ineffective for studying those strata.This has severely constrained the understanding on distribution regularity of oil and gas in marine strata in depth.Based on the expansion of oil and gas exploration into deeper space and older stratigraphic layers under the main national targeting demand,the key scientific questions on the oil formation mechanism and distribution of the Early Paleozoic marine carbonate strata in China have been condensed,and the ideas and technical methods for studying oil and gas geology of the Lower Paleozoic strata have been put forward.Based on special characteristics of the superposition and evolution of the Lower Paleozoic hydrocarbon sources,reservoir and cap rocks,and oil and gas reservoirs by multi-period tectonic movements,the significant theoretical and technological progresses of the research on oil and gas geology of the Early Paleozoic marine carbonate strata have been made by using means of petroleum geochemical analysis,and the geochemical tracing system for exploring hydrocarbon in the Early Paleozoic marine carbonate strata and the geological-geophysical comprehensive prediction technology on the basis of reservoir-cap rock prediction have been developed.The relationship between the differential tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in Lower Paleozoic strata of the Tarim Basin,and the oil and gas formation and distribution in Neoproterozoic and Lower Paleozoic strata of the Sichuan Basin have been studied in details and then the distribution characteristics of oil and gas in Lower Paleozoic strata have been summarized in this paper.In view of the special geological background of marine facies under complex geological

关 键 词：早古生代 海相碳酸盐岩 油气成藏 油气勘探 分布规律 

分 类 号：P618.130.27[天文地球—矿床学]