常规生化/物化工艺处理猪场废水效果及存在问题  

Efficiency and Problems in Conventional Biochemical/Physicochemical Combined Process for Swine Wastewater Treatment

作　　者：汪文强 王电站[1] 颜成 叶韬 邬振江 梁剑茹[1] 周立祥[1] WANG Wen-qiang;WANG Dian-zhan;YAN Cheng;YE Tao;WU Zhen-jiang;LIANG Jian-ru;ZHOU Li-xiang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;Nanjing BACT Environmental Solutions Co.Ltd.,Nanjing 211505,China)

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学资源与环境科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]南京贝克特环保科技有限公司,江苏南京211505

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2019年第21期24-31,共8页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21637003);江苏省农业自主创新项目[CX(17)2024]

摘　　要：常规生化/物化组合工艺常被中、大型养殖场用于其废水达标排放处理,但长期运行效果和经济性却鲜有报道。以广东惠州某5万头猪场已运行10多年的污水处理站为研究对象,进行了连续3个多月现场采样,重点跟踪测定各单元进、出水水质,以探究其实际处理效果、存在问题及其原因。结果表明:猪场废水的有机物含量高,COD、NH3-N、TN和TP浓度最高达到15875、1680、1838和1022 mg/L;经常规A/O生化处理后,COD、NH3-N、TP浓度仍达到646.9~1593、130~573、43.5~103.2 mg/L,不能达标,需进行物化处理;通过芬顿高级氧化和化学混凝处理后,出水COD和TP浓度可稳定达标,但氨氮浓度仍在150 mg/L以上,明显超标;运行成本高,直接运行成本达到17.8元/m3。研究还发现,猪场废水处理难以达标的主要原因在于废水中SS浓度太高,使水中COD和磷大都以颗粒态或"惰性"形态存在,溶解性COD和磷相对较少,相对较难生化完全;此外,沼液在A/O生化单元的停留时间较短也是重要原因。因此,设法在进入生化池前尽可能地去除SS,使进入生化池废水的污染物主要以溶解性组分为主;通过扩大池容等方式适度延长水力停留时间,可有效提高处理效率和降低处理成本。The conventional biochemical/physicochemical combined process is often applied to treat swine wastewater.However,information on the practical treatment efficiency and costs in long-term operation is limited.Quality of the influent and effluent from different treatment units at Huizhou Swine Wastewater Treatment Station(HSWWTS)located in Guangdong Province was investigated for more than three consecutive months.HSWWTS had been using a combined biochemical and physicochemical processes,namely A/O and Fenton reaction,for more than ten years.It was observed that the highest concentrations of COD,NH3-N,TN,and TP in the tested swine wastewater reached 15875 mg/L,1680 mg/L,1838 mg/L and 1022 mg/L,respectively.The effluent COD,NH3-N and TP from the conventional biochemical unit were in ranges of 646.9-1593 mg/L,130-573 mg/L,and 43.5-103.2 mg/L,which failed the discharge standard.Fenton reaction followed by the chemical coagulation was applied to further treat the effluent from the secondary clarifier.NH3-N was not substantially removed and more than 150 mg/L in effluent,although the effluent COD and TP completely met the standard.Furthermore,the operational cost of using such a combined process was as high as 17.8 yuan/m3.It was found that high concentration of SS was the major obstacle for the effluent to meet the discharge standard.As a result,most COD and P in swine wastewater existed in the forms of granular or"inert"COD and P,which was too difficult to be biodegraded by activated sludge.In addition,the short HRT of anaerobic fermentation slurry in the A/O biological treatment unit reduced the removal efficiency of pollutants.Therefore,to improve the effluent quality,a critical strategy was to completely remove SS before anaerobic fermentation swine slurry entered the A/O biochemical treatment unit.Enlarging the tank volume of the A/O unit could extend HRT,which should be considered as well.

关 键 词：猪场废水 生化处理 物化处理 芬顿高级氧化 影响因素 

分 类 号：TU992.3[建筑科学—市政工程]