高海拔地区153例尘肺患者并发症及护理特点分析  

Analysis of Complication and Nursing Characteristics of 153 Pneumoconiosis Patients in High Altitude Area

作　　者：单颖 SHAN Ying(The Fourth People’s hospital of Qinghai Province,xining 810000,Qinghai Province,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省第四人民医院职业病科

出　　处：《职业卫生与病伤》2019年第6期380-383,共4页Occupational Health and Damage

摘　　要：目的探讨高海拔地区尘肺并发症及护理特点,为促进尘肺并发症患者康复提供参考依据。方法对2017-07/2019-07在青海省第四人民医院职业病科住院治疗的153名尘肺并发症患者资料进行分析,根据其特点采用治疗护理、心理护理、饮食护理、呼吸肌功能康复护理,由责任护士在入院治疗前和出院时通过自我护理能力量表(ESCA)进行两次量表评分,内容包括自我护理技能、自我概念、健康知识水平、自护责任感4个维度。两独立样本的均数比较采用t检验;独立样本率的比较采用χ^2检验,检验水准为α=0.05。结果153名尘肺患者多重并发症检出率高,3种及以上并发症占41.2%;感染是第一位的并发症,叁期尘肺患者并发肺部感染检出率与壹期患者相比差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.16,P<0.05);与护理治疗前比较,患者自我护理技能、自我概念、健康知识水平、自护责任感方面差异有统计学意义(t值分别是-9.97、-10.50、-14.95、-5.23,P<0.05)。结论针对高海拔地区尘肺并发症较复杂、3种及以上并发症多、尘肺合并慢性肺源性心脏病检出率高的特点,根据高海拔地区高旱、缺氧、低气压气候特征,通过对呼吸气体进行加温、加湿的仿生氧疗方法,配合应用体外膈肌起搏器电极仪和背心式派痰治疗,加强呼吸肌功能训练、心理干预、饮食指导等综合护理措施,患者自我护理能力比治疗前明显改善,提高了尘肺患者并发症治疗依从性,延缓病情进展,促进肺功能康复。Objective To explore the complications and nursing characteristics of pneumoconiosis in high altitude areas,in order to provide reference for the rehabilitation of patients withcomplications of pneumoconiosis.Methods The data of 153 patients withcomplications of pneumoconiosis hospitalized in the occupational disease department of the fourth people’s hospital of Qinghai provincefrom July 2017 to July 2019 were analyzed,According to its characteristics,therapeutic nursing,psychological nursing,diet nursing and respiratory muscle function nursing were adopted.The nurses in charge were graded by the self-care ability scale(ESCA)twice before admission and at the time of discharge,The contents include self-care skills,self-concept,health knowledge level and self-care responsibility.T-test was used to compare the mean of two independent samples;χ^2-test was used to compare the rate of independent samples,and the test standard was P<0.05.Results The detection rate of multiple complications was high in 53 pneumoconiosis patients,with 3 or more complications accounting for 41.2%;Infection was the first complication.The detection rate of pulmonary infection in stage 3 pneumoconiosis patients was statistically significant compared with stage 1 pneumoconiosis patients(P<0.05,χ^2=4.16);The detection rate of pneumoconiosis with chronic pulmonary heart disease in high altitude areas was statistically significant compared with that in plain areas below 1000 m(P<0.05,χ^2=42.14、19.05);There were statistically significant differences between self-care skills,self-concept,health knowledge level and self-care responsibility compared with nursing before treatment(P<0.05,t=-9.97、-10.50、-14.95、-5.23).Conclusions In view of the characteristic of the complications of pneumoconiosis in high altitude area are complex,3 or more kinds of complications are common,and the detection rate of pneumoconiosis complicated with chronic pulmonary heart disease is high.According to the climatic characteristics of high drought,hypoxia and lo

关 键 词：高海拔 尘肺 并发症 护理 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]