上海普通话版“林氏六音”频率范围分析  

The Frequency Range of the “Ling Six Sounds” Test in Shanghai-accented Mandarin

作　　者：王非凡 于珏[2] 马良[3] 张美琪 夏欣雨 Wang Feifan;Yu Jue;Ma Liang;Zhang Meiqi;Xia Xinyu(Division of Speech and Hearing Science,Faculty of Education,The University of Hongkong,Hongkong,999077,China)

机构地区：[1]香港大学教育学院言语及听觉科学部,香港999077 [2]同济大学外国语学院 [3]复旦大学中文系

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2019年第6期600-603,共4页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（17YJC740067）;同济大学人文社科交叉项目（wx0110020172450）

摘　　要：目的分析上海普通话版“林氏六音”的频率范围,丰富普通话版“林氏六音”频率,为上海地区“林氏六音”测试提供参考。方法选取41例(男16例,女25例)以上海市区方言为母语、日常用普通话交流的健康青年,进行“林氏六音”/a/、/i/、/u/、/m/、/s/、/sh/(国际音标[a]、[i]、[u]、[m]、[s]、[])录音,其中元音/a/、/i/、/u/加录普通话第三声材料,/m/、/s/、/sh/加录拼读音节“摸、诗、思”(音节中辅音/mo/、/shi/、/si/),/s/、/sh/再加录轻声音节“意识、意思”(轻声中辅音/·s/、/·sh/)。元音提取第一、第二共振峰及基频数据,辅音提取中心频率数据,与美语及标准普通话版“林氏六音”相比较。结果上海普通话版“林氏六音”频率范围比美语宽,与普通话接近;元音频率范围差异不大,辅音尤其是高频的擦音,中心频率与标准普通话差异较大;第三声声调最低基频低于“林氏六音”下限。男女响音频率范围差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。鼻音/m/在纯辅音/m/和拼读音节(/mo/)中频率有显著差异(P<0.05),擦音/s/、/sh/在纯辅音、音节中辅音及轻声中辅音三种语音条件下频率均无显著差异(均P>0.05)。结论上海普通话版“林氏六音”与标准普通话“林氏元音”在高频处有所差异,测试时可以采用多种发音方式;建议对不同方言区普通话做进一步测试,同时补充其声调基频,丰富普通话“林氏六音”频率范围。Objective To analyze the frequency range of the“Ling six sounds”(LST)in Shanghai-accented Mandarin(SM),aiming in enriching the LST data of Mandarin in different regions of China,as well as providing a reference for conducting the LST test in Shanghai region.Methods A total of 41 native Shanghainese(25 females and 16 males)with normal hearing were recruited to conduct a record of(1)[a],[i],[u]in both tone 1 and tone 3 in Mandarin;(2)syllabic[m]and syllable/mo/;(3)syllabic[s],[],syllable/si/,/shi/with normal and neutral tone.Mandarin vowels and consonants produced by Shanghai natives were compared with American English(AE)and standard Chinese(SC)in terms of formants and center of gravity.Results The frequency range of the LST in SM was similar to SC which was broder than AE.The differences between the LST in SM and SC mainly existed in consonants,especially at high frequency fricatives showing a diverse distribution.The significant differences were detected between genders in the frequency range of sonorants(P<0.05).The effect of phonetic environments was found significant only on nasals.Tones were noted to have lower frequency than the downline of the LST frequency range.Conclusion The frequency range of the LST in SM and SC is different especially at high frequencies.Various phonetic environments are recommended to serve as testing materials.It is important to take tones into consideration and further investigations should be conducted in different dialectal regions in China.

关 键 词：林氏六音 频率 普通话 上海 

分 类 号：R764.04[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]