硝酸异丙酯的去能工艺优化  

Demilitarization Process Optimization of Isopropyl Nitrate

作　　者：陈永康[1] 安振涛 陈明华 吕涛 赵天策[1] 李晓辉[1] CHEN Yong-kang;AN Zhen-tao;CHEN Ming-hua;LüTao;ZHAO Tian-ce;LI Xiao-hui(Troops 63850 of People′s Republic Army,Baicheng Jilin 137000,China;Shijiazhuang Campus of Army Engineering University,Shijiazhuang 050003,China;Ordnance Technology Research Institute,Shijiazhuang 050003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军63850部队,吉林白城137000 [2]陆军工程大学石家庄校区,河北石家庄050003 [3]陆军研究院特种勤务研究所,河北石家庄050003

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2019年第6期644-650,共7页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国防科技项目基金(No.2004053)

摘　　要：为解决废旧硝酸异丙酯处理的问题,采用还原性水解法对其进行去能处理,利用正交试验研究各因素水平对去能效果的影响,并对试验结果进行统计分析,确定了最佳反应条件;进一步添加多种表面活性剂进行催化反应,研究了催化剂浓度及种类对催化效果的影响;构建了胶束催化的反应动力学模型,计算出油水两相各自的反应速率常数以及结合常数等参数,对催化机理进行了分析,对反应产物进行了分离回收再利用,形成了完整的硝酸异丙酯去能工艺。结果表明,四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)、氯化十二烷基吡啶(DPC)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和十二烷基甜菜碱(DDMB)能促进硝酸异丙酯的还原性水解,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和Tween-80会抑制水解;最佳工艺条件为:硫化钠浓度2.64 mol/L,pH值10,温度80℃,CTAB浓度3.50 mmol/L。To solve the problem about treatment of waste isopropyl nitrate,the reductive hydrolysis method was used to deal with isopropyl nitrate.The effects of various factors on the demilitarization effect were studied by orthogonal test.The results were statistically analyzed and the optimum conditions for the reaction were determined.The influence of surfactant type and concentration on the catalytic reaction was studied.The kinetic model of the miceller catalyzed reaction was established,and the parameters including the reaction rate constant in the oil and water phases and the binding constant were calculated.Lastly,the products were separated and recycled,and the demilitarization process of isopropyl nitrate was determined.The results show that TBAB,DTAB,CTAB,DPC and DDMB can be a promotion factor of the reductive hydrolysis of isopropyl nitrate,while the SDBS and Tween-80 might be suppression factor.The optimum process conditions are:Na 2S concentration of 2.64 mol/L,pH value of 10,temperature of 80℃,and CTAB concentration of 3.50 mmol/L.

关 键 词：应用化学 硝酸异丙酯 还原性水解法 去能分解 工艺优化 表面活性剂 胶束催化 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O69[理学—化学]