红壤坡地耕作措施对土壤入渗过程的影响机制  

The Mechanism of Tillage Practices in Affecting Infiltration on Slope Farmland of the Red Soil Region

作　　者：王移 曹龙熹 樊剑波[3] 任平[1] WANG Yi;CAO Longxi;FAN Jianbo;REN Ping(Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest China,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan;College of Earth Sciences,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,Sichuan;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学西南土地资源评价与监测教育部重点实验室,四川成都610066 [2]成都理工大学地球科学学院,四川成都610059 [3]中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第1期108-114,共7页Journal of Sichuan Normal University（Natural Science）

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41571237);国家自然科学青年基金(41807077);中国科学院“西部之光”项目(2015-XBQN-B-24)

摘　　要：我国南方红壤区坡耕地水土流失和季节性干旱问题严重,需要采取合理的耕作措施以提高坡耕地土壤的保水固土能力.在典型红壤坡耕地布设以花生为主的5种耕作措施:传统花生顺坡垄作、花生萝卜轮作、花生+秸秆覆盖、花生施用有机肥和花生柑橘套作,在长期试验样地开展模拟试验探究耕作措施对土壤性质和入渗能力的影响机制.结果表明,套作、覆盖和有机肥处理的措施可以显著增加坡地红壤有机质含量并改善其结构,从而提高入渗能力和水分涵养效益.采用Philip和Horton方程对土壤初渗率和稳渗率的估算效果不够理想,Kostiakov方程对红壤坡地入渗过程的拟合效果较好,整体模型有效系数最高.Soil erosion and seasonal drought are serious environmental problems in the hilly red soil region of southern China.Appropriate tillage practices are urgently needed for soil and water conservation in slope farmland.In this study,five tillage systems:traditional farrow peanut,peanut-radish rotation,straw mulch cover peanut,manure fertilizer peanut and peanutorange intercropping were compared in terms of soil properties and infiltration capacity based on field monitoring and simulation experiments.The results showed that:straw mulch cover,manure fertilizer and orange intercropping treatment could significantly increase the soil organic matter content and enhance the soil aggregate stability.Therefore they would improve soil infiltration capacity and water conservation benefits.Three commonly used equations,Kostiakov,Philip and Horton,were adopted to simulate infiltration process.The results showed that the Philip and Horton equations could not fit the initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate very well.On the contrary,Kostiakov equation could fit infiltration rate satisfaction during the infiltration process.Furthermore,the model efficiency for Kostiakov equation was the highest among all the three models.Therefore it could be used to simulate the infiltration process and estimate runoff generation in hilly red soil farmlands.

关 键 词：红壤区 坡耕地 耕作措施 土壤渗透性 入渗过程模拟 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]