天基空间碎片远距离广域探测识别与跟踪技术  

Space-Based Technology of Long-Range Wide-Field-of-View Detection,Identification and Tracking for Space Debris

作　　者：钟红军[1] 张俊[1] 梁士通[1] 王龙[1] ZHONG Hong-jun;ZHANG Jun;LIANG Shi-tong;WANG Long(Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]北京控制工程研究所

出　　处：《空间碎片研究》2019年第4期1-12,共12页Space Debris Research

摘　　要：面向航天器在轨探测、预警和规避等需求,针对目前探测效率偏低、探测范围和探测能力有限的问题,设计了一种天基空间碎片远距离广域探测、识别和跟踪方案,提出了一种背景稠密恒星和空间目标长时同步捕获和跟踪方法,能够在轨实时处理图像,实现了对暗弱、微小、远距离目标的高灵敏度广域探测和数据长时关联的目的。本文分析了广域探测识别与跟踪系统的目标特性、总体参数、系统方案、关键技术及实现途径,解决了大视场下稠密星云背景下的空间目标实时提取和跟踪的关键问题,对未来建立和研制高效率空间探测和监视卫星具有重要参考意义。In order to meet the requirements of on-orbit space detection, early warning and avoidance, a space-based scheme featuring with a long-range wide-coverage detection, recognition and tracking for space debris is designed, to solve the problems of low detection efficiency, limited observation arc and sensitivity. In this scheme, a long time synchronous acquisition and tracking method for dense nebulae and space objects is proposed. While processing the star and debris image in real time, this method can make a high sensitivity for a wide area of dim debris, and a long-term solitary arc data association. In this paper, the characteristics of space debris, the overall design pattern, system scheme, key technologies and implementation approaches are analyzed one by one, providing realization of real-time extraction and tracking of space debris under dense nebulae for large FOV. It is of great significance for the future establishment and development of space surveillance satellites with highly efficient detection capability.

关 键 词：空间碎片 远距离 广域 探测识别与跟踪 

分 类 号：V528[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]