水平摘锭式高效采棉头设计与试验  

Design and Test of Horizontal Spindle Picking Head with High Efficiency

作　　者：李腾 郝付平[2] 韩增德[2] 方宪法[2] 郝朝会[2] 刘云强 LI Teng;HAO Fuping;HAN Zengde;FANG Xianfa;HAO Zhaohui;LIU Yunqiang(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China;Chinese Academy of Agricultural Mechanization Sciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083 [2]中国农业机械化科学研究院,北京100083

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第12期63-72,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701402)

摘　　要：为解决我国棉花高效收获问题,设计了水平摘锭式高效采棉头,针对其关键工作部件槽形凸轮,建立了参数化设计的数学模型,采用Matlab中的GUI模块进行人机交互可视化设计,生成槽形凸轮曲线,导入UG中得到三维模型和工程图纸并加以制造。利用ADAMS虚拟样机仿真软件,分析采棉滚筒线速度与作业速度之比K对摘锭运动轨迹与采摘时间的影响,得出K和作业速度的合理取值范围。利用矢量方程图解法,分析脱棉盘转速与采棉滚筒转速、摘锭转速的匹配关系,得出其取值范围。为验证理论分析和优化高效采棉头的运动参数,搭建采棉头室内综合试验台,选取作业速度、摘锭转速、脱棉盘转速为试验因素,含杂率、撞落棉率、采净率和生产效率为试验指标,采用Box-Benhnken Design中心组合试验设计原理,利用Design-Expert软件对试验结果进行回归分析和响应面分析,得到最佳参数组合为:作业速度6.17 km/h、摘锭转速4272 r/min、脱棉盘转速2109 r/min,最优参数组合下含杂率为8.78%、撞落棉率为1.59%、采净率为97.17%、生产效率为0.467 hm^2/h,并进行3次验证试验,得到平均含杂率为8.81%、撞落棉率为1.66%、采净率为97.21%、生产效率为0.467 hm^2/h,试验结果与理论结果基本相符。In order to solve the problem of high efficient cotton harvesting in China,a horizontal ingot picking head with high-efficiency was developed.A parametric design mathematical model was established for the slot cam,which was the key working part of the picking head.The GUI module in Matlab was used to design human-computer interaction visualization,generate groove cam curve,and imported it into UG to get three-dimensional model and engineering drawings for manufacturing.By using ADAMS virtual prototype simulation software,the influence of the ratio of linear speed to working speed K on the trajectory of ingot picking was analyzed,and the reasonable range of K and working speed was obtained.Vector equation graphic method was used to analyze the matching relationship between the rotational speed of cotton-removal disc and the rotational speed of drum and ingot,and the corresponding range of rotational speed of cotton-removal disc was obtained.In order to verify the theoretical analysis and optimize the motion parameters of the high-efficiency cotton picking head,the indoor comprehensive test bench for the cotton picking head was set up,and the forward speed,the spindle speed and the speed of the cotton disc were selected as the test factors,and the rate of inclusion and the rate of falling cotton were selected.The recovery rate and production efficiency were the test indicators.The second rotation orthogonal test method was used.Regression analysis and response surface analysis of the test results were carried out by using Design-Expert software,and the optimum parameters were obtained as follows:operation speed was 6.17 km/h,spindle picking speed was 4272 r/min,cotton disc speed was 2109 r/min.Under the optimum combination of parameters,the impurity content was 8.78%,the knock-down cotton rate was 1.59%,the net recovery rate was 97.17%,and the production efficiency was 0.467 hm^2/h.Experiments were carried out under the same conditions.The average impurity content was 8.81%,the knock-down rate was 1.66%,the net rec

关 键 词：棉花采收机 采棉头 高效收获 槽形凸轮 参数化设计 

分 类 号：S225.91[农业科学—农业机械化工程]