上海市嘉定区1975—2018年户籍人口死因变化分析  

Death cause change in household registered population in Jiading District of Shanghai from 1975 to 2018

作　　者：金亚清[1] 钟培松[1] 张妍 于宏杰[1] 彭谦[1] JIN Ya-qing;ZHONG Pei-song;ZHANG Yan;YU Hong-jie;PENG Qian(Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201800,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《上海预防医学》2019年第11期902-906,共5页Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：【目的】通过统计分析嘉定区1975—2018年人口、死亡资料,为进一步开展疾病控制工作和相关政策项目的调整提供参考依据。【方法】按《国际疾病分类》(ICD-10)进行疾病分类,运用Excel、Access软件对嘉定区历年的全死因死亡率、死因构成及其顺位进行分析。【结果】嘉定区户籍人口出生率呈下降趋势,粗死亡率呈上升趋势,人口自然增长率呈下降趋势,1992年后进入人口负增长。人口老龄化现象较重,2018年65岁以上人口达22.63%,居民标化死亡率从1975年的5.71‰下降至2018年的1.81‰。死因谱中前四位(循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒)无变化,而1975年第五位死因传染寄生疾病降至2018年的第十位死因,内分泌营养疾病上升至2018年的第五位死因。除内分泌营养疾病外标化死亡率均呈下降趋势。【结论】随着社会的发展,嘉定区居民死亡率呈下降趋势,老龄化现象加剧。慢性非传染性疾病和损伤中毒是居民的主要死因,是嘉定区面临的主要公共卫生问题。根据疾病发生特点,在防治策略上要有相应的措施,为建设健康嘉定打好基础。[Objective]To make analysis on demographic and death data from 1975 to 2018 in Jiading District and to provide reference for further adjustment of disease control and its related policy.[Methods]The diseases were classified according to ICD-10.The crude mortality,proportion and rank of death causes in Jiading District were evaluated by Excel and Access software.[Results]In Jiading District,the birth rate of the registered population showed a declining trend,the crude mortality rate showed a rising trend,and the natural population growth rate showed a declining trend.After 1992,the population increased negatively and the aging phenomenon became more serious.In 2018,the population over 65 years old reached 22.63%.The standardized mortality rate of residents dropped from 5.71‰in 1975 to 1.81‰in 2018.The top four death causes(circular system diseases,tumors,respiratory diseases,injuries and poisoning)did not change.However,the infectious and parasitic diseases fell from the fifth in 1975 to the tenth in 2018,while endocrine and nutritional diseases rose to the fifth cause of death in 2018.Except for endocrine and nutritional diseases,the standardized mortality of the other diseases showed a declining trend.[Conclusion]With the development of society,the aging phenomenon becomes worse.The mortality rate of residents in Jiading District is declining.Chronic non-communicable diseases and injury and poisoning are the main death causes,which are the main public health problems in Jiading District.According to the characteristics of diseases,the corresponding measures in the prevention and control strategy should be made so as to lay a good foundation for the construction of Health Jiading.

关 键 词：死因顺位 疾病谱 死亡率 

分 类 号：R195.4[医药卫生—卫生统计学]