2018年汛期黄河下游河道排洪能力分析  

Analysis on the Discharging Capability of the Lower Yellow River Channel During 2018 Flood Season

作　　者：孙赞盈[1] 尚红霞[1] 彭红[1] SUN Zanying;SHANG Hongxia;PENG Hong(Yellow River Institute of Hydraulic Research,Zhengzhou 450003,China)

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院

出　　处：《人民黄河》2019年第12期8-12,共5页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0402404);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2017-05,HKY-JBYW-2016-24)

摘　　要：2018年汛期黄河下游来水222亿m3,小浪底水库排沙4.66亿t,孙口以上河道淤积2.561亿t,其中花园口以上河道淤积1.920亿t,这是小浪底水库运用以来进入下游水量最大、水库排沙最多、下游淤积量最大的一年,然而排沙期间淤积最多的花园口以上河段的同流量水位不升反降。采用沙量法和断面法计算分析了汛期冲淤量及冲淤特点、水文站断面的同流量水位变化、7月洪水排沙期间险工水尺的同流量水位变化。结果表明:大量淤积发生在花园口以上河段的汊沟和边滩,洪水过后主槽更加明显,水流集中,流速增大,同流量水位下降;7月洪水之后,黄河下游水文站断面的同流量水位缓慢抬升,但汛后的同流量水位仍低于汛初;2018年汛期,黄河下游河道的排洪能力未明显降低。During the 2018 flood season, the flood discharging to the downstream of the Yellow River totals 22.2 billion m3, and the desilting from Xiaolangdi Reservoir reaches to 466 million tons, the deposition of watercourses above Sunkou is 256.1 million tons, of which, 192 mil lion tons in the channel above Huayuankou. This is the highest and the maximum year in quantity of water, sediment discharge and deposition of the lower reaches since the operation of Xiaolangdi Reservoir. However, the flood level of the same discharge in watercourses above Hua yuankou which has the highest sediments during the desilting declines instead of increasing. This article analyzed the erosion and deposition and relevant characteristics, the changes of water level with the same discharge along cross sections at hydrologic stations as well as the chan ges of water level with the same discharge of water gauge at vulnerable spots during floods and sediment discharge in July by using sediment method and cross-section method. The outcomes show that a large amount of sediment occur in branch channels and marginal bank of water courses above Huayuankou, after floods have passed, main channels seem more obvious with concentrated rivers, higher velocity and lower river level with the same discharge. After July floods, the river level of the same discharge along cross-section in the downstream of Yellow River rises slowly, which yet still remains below that at the beginning. During 2018 flood season, the flood discharge has been found no obvi ous reduction in watercourses of the downstream of Yellow River.

关 键 词：排洪能力 河道 黄河下游 汛期 2018年 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学] TV882.1[水利工程—水文学及水资源]