玉树州2018—2019年特大雪灾气候特征和成因分析  

Analysis on the Climate Characteristics and Causes of the Major Snow Disaster in Yushu Prefecture during 2018—2019

作　　者：魏永亮 桓姝琦 曲欣瑶 解文璇 WEI Yong-liang(Meteorological Observatory of Yushu,Yushu,Qinghai 815000)

机构地区：[1]玉树州气象台

出　　处：《农业灾害研究》2019年第6期44-46,110,共4页Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology

摘　　要：2018年12月下旬至2019年3月下旬,玉树州大部地区发生特大雪灾,为今后更好地做好雪灾预测预报及防御工作,对此次极端灾害性天气气候事件的成因、造成的影响及防灾减灾效果进行了分析。结果表明,此次雪灾是玉树州有记录以来最严重的一次,雪灾期间降雪量偏多明显,强降雪日数偏多,积雪持续时间长,均为历史同期最多(最长);导致玉树地区此次特大雪灾发生的重要原因是:受厄尔尼诺事件影响大气环流异常,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏西且强度偏强、高原南侧的南支槽偏强,冷空气活动过程频繁,加之玉树地区冬季气温低,积雪消融缓慢。气象部门的天气气候预测预报、防灾减灾气象服务工作及时准确,有效地减轻了雪灾带来的损失。From the late December2018 to the late March 2019,a major snow disasters occurred in most areas of Yushu Prefecture. In order to better forecast and prevent snow disasters in the future,the causes,effects and disaster prevention and mitigation effects of this extreme weather and climate events were analyzed. The results showed that the snow disaster was the most serious in Yushu Prefecture since it was recorded.During the snow disaster,the snowfall was more obvious,the number of heavy snowfall days was more,and the duration of snow was longer,which was the longest in the same period of history. The main causes of the major snow disaster in Yushu were as follows: the atmospheric circulation anomaly caused by El Nino event made the position of the Western Pacific subtropical high westward and stronger,the Southern trough was stronger,and the cold air activity process was frequent. In addition,the winter temperature in Yushu area was low,and the snow melting was slow.Weather and climate prediction,disaster prevention and mitigation meteorological services of meteorological departments were timely and accurate,effectively reducing the losses caused by snow disaster.

关 键 词：特大雪灾 降雪量大 持续时间长 强降雪日数最多 影响评估 成因及防御效果分析 

分 类 号：P426.63[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]