藏区牧民定居化现状及特点研究——基于玛曲县“牧民定居”工程十年的田野调查  

Study on the current situation and characteristics of nomadic resettlementin Tibetan nomadic areas——Based on a 10-year fieldwork of the "Nomadic Resettlement Project" in Maqu County

作　　者：周毛卡 Drukmokhar(Institute of Nationalities,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学西南民族研究院

出　　处：《高原科学研究》2019年第4期117-124,共8页Plateau Science Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题（2017YFC0504805）;国家社科基金重大委托项目西藏项目（XZ1212）;西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助（2016SXZYQN32)

摘　　要：“牧民定居”工程作为我国的一项国策,在西藏、四川、青海、甘肃、云南、新疆、内蒙古等七个相关省和自治区的游牧地方实施已逾十年,其中藏区占据了整个工程的一大部分。由于草地资源类型不同、历史文化背景差异等原因,相比国内外其他游牧地区,藏区牧民定居化在发展过程中呈现出自身独有的特点。文章通过追踪研究甘肃省甘南藏族自治州玛曲县“牧民定居”工程历时十年的定居化过程及建设发展现状,探讨了相关草场政策对牧民定居化及牧民生产、生活、文化的影响;现阶段定居牧民所面临的生计、教育、就业等困境;虫草和项目经济对牧民收入的影响等。进而总结了藏区牧民定居化的不同阶段所呈现的不同特点和存在的问题,强调了“牧民定居”工程在实施过程中如何适应当前经济的发展、社会的变迁和文化的传承。因此,建议政府和学界对“牧民定居”工程给予长足的关注与投入,也需要更多牧民群体智慧的参与,以达到中央、地方、牧民之间的良性互动,通过上下联动共同建设符合牧区自然环境的生态家园,进而促进藏区牧民定居化的长远和谐发展。The"Nomadic Settlement Project",as a national policy of China,has been implemented in the nomadic areas of seven provinces and autonomous regions,including Tibetan autonomous region(TAR),Sichuan,Qinghai,Gansu,Yunnan,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia.Tibetan nomadic areas is the major part of this project.Due to differences in types of grassland resources and historical as well as cultural backgrounds,during the implementing and development of this project in Tibetan nomadic areas,it shows many unique characteristics compared with other nomadic areas in the world and in China.Based on 10-year's construction and development of the Nomadic Settlement Project in Maqu County with a special focus on the processes of implementing of this project in this area,in this paper the different stages and characteristics of this policy during its implementing in Tibetan nomadic areas and its impact on the lives and culture of Tibetan pastoralists were analyzed.The long-term impact of the Nomadic Settlement Project should be studied and investigated by the government sector as well as researchers through incorporating the intelligence of Tibetan pastoralists into the implementation of the policy.

关 键 词：“牧民定居”工程 定居化过程 藏区 玛曲县 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]