大渡河沉积物重金属污染评价及释放通量估算  

Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution and Estimation of Release Flux in Sediments of Dadu River

作　　者：李国新 张雯[1,2,3] 薛云鹏 陈雪梅[1,2,3] LI Guoxin;ZHANG Wen;XUE Yunpeng;CHEN Xuemei(L.State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;Institute of Environment,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil&Water Pollution,Chengdu University of Technology.Chengdu 610059,China)

机构地区：[1]成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护国家重点实验室,四川成都610059 [2]成都理工大学环境学院,四川成都610059 [3]成都理工大学国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室,四川成都610059

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2019年第9期187-194,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：大渡河流域典型水库区生态地质环境评价模型研究（SKLGP2018Z004）

摘　　要：以大渡河中游(迎政乡-舍勒村)为调查区,于2019年4月采集了12个表层沉积物样品,探究沉积物重金属污染状况、生态风险及迁移能力。结果表明汉源湖上游沉积物(S1~S3)富集Cr、Cu、Ni,下游(S9~S12)富集Zn、As、Pb、Cd,且沉积物重金属均值含量较周围河流高。沉积物中As的释放强度较其他重金属明显,释放通量平均值为49.73μg/(m^2·a),与当地大规模农业种植所引发的农业面源污染有关。进一步采用沉积物质量基准法评价沉积物重金属生物毒性风险,结果显示Cr、Ni已经频繁产生生物毒性效应,而As、Cd、Cu可能对底栖生态产生影响。通过相关性分析重金属来源可知As、Cd主要来源于农业,Cr、Cu、Ni主要来源于工业,Pb、Zn来源于铅锌矿开采以及周边频繁的地质灾害。人为工农业活动是重金属向水体迁移的主要驱动力,研究结果为当地工农业管理提供有效数据支持。Taking the middle reaches of Dadu River(Yingzheng Town-Shele Village) as the research area, 12 surface sediment samples were collected in April 2019 to explore the heavy metal pollution status, ecological risks and migration capacity of sediments. The results show that the upstream sediments(S1~S3) in the study area are rich in Cr, Cu and Ni, while the downstream sediments(S9~S12) are rich in Zn, As, Pb and Cd, and the heavy metal content in the sediments is higher than that in the surrounding rivers. The release intensity of As in sediments is more obvious than that of other heavy metals. The average release flux is 49.73 μg/(m^2·a), which is related to agricultural non-point source pollution caused by large-scale agricultural planting. Furthermore, sediment quality guidelines was used to evaluate the biotoxicity risk of heavy metals in sediments. The results showed that Cr and Ni have frequently produced biotoxicity effects, while As, Cd and Cu may have impacts on benthic ecology. Through correlation analysis of heavy metal sources, it can be concluded that As and Cd mainly come from agriculture, Cr, Cu and Ni mainly come from industry, Pb and Zn come from lead-zinc mining and frequent geological disasters around. Man-made industrial and agricultural activities are the main driving forces for heavy metals to migrate to water bodies. The research results would provide effective data support for local industrial and agricultural management.

关 键 词：大渡河 重金属 质量基准法 释放通量 

分 类 号：X820.4[环境科学与工程—环境工程]