坚硬顶板影响下应力拱力学特征及相似模型试验方案设计  

Mechanical Characteristics of Stress Arch Under The Influence of Hard Roof And Design of Similar Model Test Scheme

作　　者：夏彬伟[1,2] 付远浩 XIA Binwei;FU Yuanhao(State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control,Chonqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;National&Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Gas Drainage in Complex Coal Seam,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400030,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学煤矿灾害动力学与控制国家重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]重庆大学复杂煤气层瓦斯抽采国家地方联合工程实验室,重庆400030

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2019年第12期51-56,共6页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金基金资助项目(51504046)

摘　　要：为了研究坚硬顶板运动破断对采动应力拱演化特征的影响,基于应力拱理论,推导了坚硬顶板下采动应力拱合理拱轴线方程,采用相似模型实验获得了坚硬顶板影响下采动应力拱演化与冒落拱扩展的动态关系。结果表明:煤层采动后,覆岩在破坏区内形成冒落拱,在破坏区外形成应力拱;冒落拱位于应力拱下卸压区内,其运动扩展受应力拱控制,二者均受到坚硬顶板的影响。坚硬顶板破断前,应力拱和冒落拱为"⌒型"。坚硬顶板破断后,在冒落拱内坚硬顶板形成"砌体梁"或"悬臂梁"结构承担卸压区内岩层载荷,在破坏区外,坚硬顶板改变应力拱形态,应力拱形态为"葫芦型",应力拱与坚硬顶板共同承担上覆岩层载荷。In order to study the influence of motion-induced fracture of the hard roof on morphological evolution of the mineinduced stress arch,the reasonable arch axis equation of the mine-induced stress arch under the influence of the hard roof was derived according to the theory of stress arch.The dynamic relationship between the evolution of mine-induced stress arch and the expansion of the caving arch under the influence of hard roof was obtained by similar model experiments.The results showed that,after mining,a caving arch was formed in the failure zone of overburden,and a stress arch was formed outside the failure zone.The caving arch was located in the pressure relief zone under the stress arch,and its expansion was controlled by the stress arch,both of which were affected by the hard roof.Before the fracture of the hard roof,the stress arch and the caving arch presented a shape like"⌒".After the fracture of the hard roof,a masonry beam structure or a cantilever beam structure were formed from the hard roof in the caving arch to bear the rock load in the pressure relief zone.Outside the failure zone,the hard roof changed the stress arch to a "calabash shape",and the stress arch and the hard roof jointly bore the overburden load.

关 键 词：应力拱 坚硬顶板 演化特征 冒落拱 

分 类 号：TD315[矿业工程—矿井建设]