不同麦棉两熟种植制度对棉花群体冠层光截获及棉铃时空分布的影响  

Wheat-cotton Double Cropping Systems:Effect on Light Interception in Cotton Canopy and Spatial-temporal Distribution of Cotton Boll

作　　者：支晓宇 韩迎春[1] 邢芳芳[1] 雷亚平[1] 冯璐[1] 王国平[1] 范正义[1] 杨北方[1] 王占彪[1] 李小飞 熊世武 李亚兵[1] Zhi Xiaoyu;Han Yingchun;Xing Fangfang;Lei Yaping;Feng Lu;Wang Guoping;Fan Zhengyi;Yang Beifang;Wang Zhanbiao;Li Xiaofei;Xiong Shiwu;Li Yabing(Institute of Cotton Research of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang Henan 455000)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第34期9-15,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项“旱地两熟区耕地培肥与合理农作制”(201503121)

摘　　要：黄河流域棉区棉花种植面积急剧下降,为了缓解粮棉争地矛盾,研究了麦棉两熟种植制度对棉花群体光截获及棉铃分布的影响。采用完全随机试验,处理为单作棉花、麦棉套作和麦棉连作,重复3次。测定棉花冠层入射光和反射光;调查棉花生育进程。结果为:(1)生育期存在显著差异,2016年和2017年连作棉花出苗至现蕾天数比单作棉花分别短10天和7天,但开花至吐絮天数前者比后者分别长15天和17天。2017年麦棉套作棉花出苗至现蕾天数与单作棉花间差异最大。(2)单作棉花较其他处理棉花光截获能力强,2016年棉花冠层纵向60 cm、横向30 cm处,单作棉花光截获率比麦棉套作棉花高71.4%,比麦棉连作棉花高78.6%。(3)9月中旬单作棉花和麦棉套作棉花铃数从中部果枝分别向下部和上部果枝递减,麦棉连作棉花下部果枝铃数较高。综上,麦棉两熟种植模式主要通过影响棉花生育进程进而影响其群体光截获率,最终造成产量分布差异。As cotton planting areas decrease sharply at the Yellow River Valley, to relive the contradiction between grain and cotton for land, the effects of wheat-cotton double cropping systems on cotton canopy light capture and distribution of cotton bolls are studied. Completely random design was used with three treatments,including cotton monoculture system, wheat-cotton double cropping system and cotton directed-sown after wheat, and each repeated three times. Incident and reflected light of each treatment was measured, meanwhile cotton growth period was determined. The results showed that(1) the cotton growth period was different,comparing with monoculture cotton, the duration from cotton seedling stage to cotton square stage for cotton relay wheat cropping system was 10 days and 7 days shorter in 2016 and 2017, respectively, however, duration from flowering stage to boll-opening stage was 15 days and 17 days longer, respectively;the most significant difference in duration from seedling to square stage was found between wheat-cotton double cropping system and monoculture cotton system in 2017;(2) the capacity of light interception was the highest for cotton in monoculture system, at the canopy of vertical 60 cm, horizontal 30 cm in 2016, the light interception of cotton monoculture system increased by 71.4% compared with wheat-cotton double cropping system, and increased by 78.6% compared with cotton directed-sown system, respectively;(3) the number of cotton bolls for monoculture cotton and wheat-cotton double cropping system decreased from middle sympodial branches to upper and lower part, while it was the most at the bottom sympodial branches for cotton directed-sown after wheat cropping system. Taken together, wheat-cotton double cropping system influences cotton canopy light interception by affecting cotton growth period, and causes different yield distribution.

关 键 词：麦棉套作 麦棉连作 光截获 棉铃分布 生育期 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]