怀化地区强降水过程中的GPS可降水量特征分析  

Characteristics of GPS Precipitable Water Vapor During Heavy Rainfall in Huaihua District

作　　者：罗宇[1] 高文娟 罗林艳 范嘉智 段思汝 Luo Yu;Gao Wenjuan;Luo Linyan;Fan Jiazhi;Duan Siru(China Meteorological Administration Training Center Hunan Branch,Changsha 410125;Hunan Provincial Meteorological Information Center,Changsha 410118)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象干部培训学院湖南分院,长沙410125 [2]湖南省气象信息中心,长沙410118

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第36期97-103,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：湖南省气象局科研课题资助项目“湖南省GPS/MET与常规高空探测水汽资料对比分析”(XQKJ16B038)，“湖南AMDAR资料和常规高空观测资料的对比研究”(XQKJ17B099)

摘　　要：利用改进的天顶静力延迟(ZHD)模型和本地化水汽权重平均温度(Tm)模型反演怀化地区GPS可降水量(GPS-PWV),并结合自动气象站逐小时资料分析了2017年怀化地区大气水汽变化及汛期14次暴雨以上降水过程的GPS-PWV变化特征。结果表明:GPS-PWV可较好反映怀化地区大气水汽变化。怀化地区可降水量-气压(PWV-P)分布月变化特征明显,冬季PWV较低且变化范围较小,降水发生时气压较夏季平均高14.75 hPa;春季PWV逐步增大,降水发生时气压较冬季有所降低;夏季PWV为全年最高,降水发生时气压则降至全年最低值;秋季PWV-P数据逐渐分散并向可降水量低值区移动,分布情况逐步趋近冬季。2017年汛期怀化地区14次强降水过程中PWV均高于各月均值,最大小时降水量与最大PWV存在较好对应关系;降水开始前,PWV出现较明显上升,且多伴随气压较明显下降,可为局地强降水短临预警提供较好参考。Using the precipitable water vapor(GPS-PWV)inversed from ground-based GPS based on the advanced ZHD model and localized Tm model,and taking into consideration the hourly meteorological data from automatic weather station,we analyzed the atmospheric water vapor variation characteristics and evolution features of GPS-PWV during 14 heavy rainfall events in Huaihua in 2017.The results showed that GPS-PWV could reveal the atmospheric water vapor variation characteristics of Huaihua well.The monthly change of PWV-P was evident.The PWV had a lower value with a smaller range of variation at winter,air pressure was 14.75 hPa higher than that in summer when precipitation occurred,PWV gradually increased with a lower air pressure under rainfall during spring.In summer,the PWV was the highest with the lowest air pressure under rainfall,and it scattered to low value area in autumn,and the distribution gradually approached that of winter.In the 14 heavy rainfall events in Huaihua during flood season of 2017,all of the PWV values exceeded the corresponding monthly mean value,and there was a well corresponded relationship between the maximum rainfall and maximum PWV in hourly scale.Before the heavy rainfall occurred,the PWV increased obviously with a clear decrease of the air pressure,and that could be a preferably reference point in the local strong precipitation nowcasting.

关 键 词：GPS/MET 大气可降水量 探测精度 强降水 怀化地区 

分 类 号：P413.2+2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]