中国小麦生产机械投入效率及影响因素分析——基于15个小麦主产省的实证  

Wheat Production Machinery Input Efficiency and Influencing Factors in China:Based on the Empirical Evidence of 15 Major Wheat Producing Provinces

作　　者：卢昱嘉 韩一军[2] 陈秧分[1] Lu Yujia;Han Yijun;Chen Yangfen(Institute of Agricultural Economy and Development,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;College of Economics and Management,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所,北京100081 [2]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第35期157-164,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“农户生计视角下我国粮食生产重心北移机理与管控途径研究”(41471115);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目“国家现代农业产业技术体系‘小麦产业经济’”(CARS-03)

摘　　要：在国内农业劳动机会成本持续上升、国内外粮食价差不断扩大的背景下,中国小麦生产机械投入呈现持续增加趋势,研究农业机械投入效率对于优化财政支持效果具有重要意义。本文运用数据包络分析法对1998-2016年间中国15个主产省的小麦机械投入效率进行测算,并采用面板随机效应Tobit模型分析其影响因素。研究发现:中国小麦机械投入效率整体水平尚待进一步提升;小麦播种面积、排灌费用、实行最低收购价政策与机械投入效率负相关,表明中国小麦机械投入结构尚需优化,灌溉环节中的机械使用对投入效率的影响重大,国家政策对小麦生产主要环节和重要领域的支持至关重要。因此,应因地制宜推广小麦生产机械,注重农户灌溉投入的补贴和灌溉机械的优化,从政策层面鼓励农业机械技术创新研发,可提升农机行业的效率和竞争力。Under the background of rising opportunity cost of domestic agricultural labor and the widening gap in food prices at home and abroad, machinery input for wheat production in our country is increasing. It is important to study the efficiency of agricultural machinery input to optimize the effect of financial support. This paper uses data envelopment analysis to measure the production efficiency of wheat machinery input in 15 main wheat producing provinces in China from 1998 to 2016, and uses panel stochastic effect Tobit model to analyze its influencing factors. It is found that the overall level of wheat machinery input efficiency in China needs to be further improved. The negative correlation between the planting area, irrigation and drainage costs,the implementation of the minimum purchase price policy and the mechanical input efficiency indicate that the structure of wheat machinery input in China needs to be optimized, and the use of machinery in irrigation links has significant impact on the input efficiency. National policies are crucial to the main links and fields of wheat production. Therefore, it is necessary to push ahead with mechanization of wheat production according to local conditions, pay attention to the subsidy of irrigation inputs of farmers and the optimization of irrigation machinery, and encourage agricultural machinery technology innovation and research and development from the policy level, which can enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of the agricultural machinery industry.

关 键 词：小麦生产 机械投入 相对效率 规模效率 影响因素 

分 类 号：S23-9[农业科学—农业机械化工程]