预留光爆层爆破技术在长大隧道全断面施工中的应用  

Application of Blasting Techniques with the Reserved Smooth Blasting Layer in Full-face Construction of Large and Long Tunnels

作　　者：马春德[1,2] 刘泽霖 郑静 龙珊 张建秋 郭春志 MA Chunde;LIU Zelin;ZHENG Jing;LONG Shan;ZHANG Jianqiu;GUO Chunzhi(School of Source and Safety Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410083;Advanced Research Center,Central South University,Changsha 410083;CCCC First Highway Fifth Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100024)

机构地区：[1]中南大学资源与安全工程学院,长沙410083 [2]中南大学高等研究中心,长沙410083 [3]中交一公局第五工程有限公司,北京100024

出　　处：《现代隧道技术》2019年第6期173-180,共8页Modern Tunnelling Technology

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2018A03003-2);中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2018zzts734)

摘　　要：在大断面隧道采用传统光爆法施工中,很难保证所有周边孔同时起爆,存在隧道轮廓平整度低、超欠挖量大、炮孔留痕率低、成形质量不好等一系列问题。文章以东天山长大隧道工程为背景,采用预留光爆层爆破技术进行全断面一次施工,通过优化起爆顺序、起爆网络及爆破参数,取得了良好的光面爆破效果。现场试验结果表明:采用预留光爆层爆破技术,平均线性超挖量控制在15~25 cm以内,比传统光面爆破方法减少80%;初期支护混凝土用量降低了2.63 m3/m,大大减少了混凝土用量,经济效益明显;另外,采用预留光爆层爆破技术,实际循环进尺、炮孔残留率、炮孔利用率、炸药单耗等指标均有明显改善,隧道整体成形质量良好。As for the traditional smooth blasting of the large cross-section tunnel,it is hard to ensure that all peripheral holes detonate simultaneously and there are a series of problems like low contour flatness and residual blasthole trace rate,large overbreak and underbreak,poor shaping quality and so on.Based on the East Tianshan tunnel,the blasting technique with the reserved smooth blasting layer is adopted to conduct full-face construction,and good smooth blasting effect is obtained by optimizing initiation sequence,network and parameters.The site test results show that the average linear overbreak is controlled within 15-25 cm which is reduced by 80%compared with traditional smooth blasting;the concrete consumption of primary support is reduced by 2.63 m3/m;and the parameters of practical cyclical advance rate,residual blasthole trace rate,unit explosive consumption and so on are significantly improved.

关 键 词：大断面隧道 全断面施工 预留光爆层爆破技术 光面爆破 炮孔残留率 

分 类 号：U455.41[建筑科学—桥梁与隧道工程]