基于鸟类生境需求的植被景观覆盖度多样性——以江苏盐城滨海湿地为例  

Diversity of vegetation coverage based on birds’ habitat demands in the coastal wetland of Yancheng,Jiangsu Province

作　　者：任武阳 王成[1] 刘红玉 李玉凤 周奕 徐嘉仪 陈浩 REN Wu-yang;WANG Cheng;LIU Hong-yu;LI Yu-feng;ZHOU Yi;XU Jia-yi;CHEN Hao(School of Geography,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing210023,China;School of Marine Science and Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China;Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland Rare Birds National Nature Reserve,Yancheng 224057,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学地理科学学院,南京210023 [2]南京师范大学海洋科学与工程学院,南京210023 [3]江苏盐城湿地珍禽国家级自然保护区,江苏盐城224057

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2019年第12期3870-3877,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31570459);国家自然科学基金项目(41871188)资助;江苏省重点研发项目(BE2018681)

摘　　要：湿地景观覆盖度的多样性,为鸟类提供了多层次的生境选择,这对维护湿地鸟类多样性具有十分重要的意义。运用高分二号遥感影像,采用面向对象的分类方法,提取湿地植被生境类型。依据像元二分模型,计算湿地植被覆盖度,并结合覆盖度波动区间,划分五大覆盖度类型区,最后对不同植被的覆盖度进行统计分析。结果表明:相较于传统的监督分类方法,面向对象分类结果总体精度更高,达91.21%。遥感解译的湿地植被呈现明显的带状分布,且主要生境为芦苇、互花米草和碱蓬。湿地植被覆盖度呈中间低四周高的分布格局,不同植被优势覆盖度类型存在较大差异。其中,芦苇主要集中在较高覆被区域和高覆被区域,占植被总面积45%以上;互花米草主要集中在高覆被区域,占植被总面积的25%;碱蓬主要集中在较高覆被区域,占总面积的7.72%。The diversity of wetland landscape coverage provides a wide range of habitat selection for birds,which is important for the maintenance of wetland bird diversity.Based on GF-2 images,the habitat types of wetland vegetation were extracted using object oriented classification method.The coverage of wetland vegetation was calculated using dimidiate pixel model.According to the range of coverage fluctuation,five coverage types were divided in the study area.Finally,the statistical analysis on the coverage of different vegetation was performed.The results showed that,compared with the traditional supervised classification method,the overall accuracy of object oriented classification was higher,reaching 91.21%.The wetland vegetation interpreted by remote sensing showed obvious zonal distribution,with the main habitats being reed marsh,Suaeda salsa marsh,and Spartina alterniflora marsh.The distribution pattern of vegetation coverage was high on all sides and low in the center,with differences among various dominant vegetation coverage types.Among them,reed marsh mainly distributed in the superior coverage area and high coverage area,Spartina alterniflora marsh mainly distributed in the high coverage area,and Suaeda salsa marsh mainly distributed in the superior coverage area,which accounted for45%,25%and 7.72%of the total vegetation area,respectively.

关 键 词：生境多样性 高分二号影像 像元二分模型 植被覆盖度 滨海湿地 

分 类 号：X37[环境科学与工程—环境工程]